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時間:2016-07-20
來源:原創(chuàng)
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ETS在7月17日周日舉辦了一場GRE考試。今天,留學監(jiān)理網(wǎng)的老師就來給大家分享一份本次GRE考試的考情回顧,希望可以幫助大家學習和備考。
寫作
Issue:
"The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries."
個體的偉大只能由他/她的后人來評判,而不能由他/她同時代的人來評判。
Argument:
The following is a letter to the editor of an environmental magazine.
"Two studies of amphibians in Xanadu National Park confirm a significant decline in the numbers of amphibians. In 1975 there were seven species of amphibians in the park, and there were abundant numbers of each species. However, in 2002 only four species of amphibians were observed in the park, and the numbers of each species were drastically reduced. One proposed explanation is that the decline was caused by the introduction of trout into the park's waters, which began in 1975. (Trout are known to eat amphibian eggs.)"
在X國家公園對于兩棲動物所進行的兩次研究證實了兩棲動物數(shù)量的急劇下降。1975年公園中有7種兩棲動物,每種的數(shù)量都很豐富。 然而到了202年在公園中只觀察到4種兩棲動物,并且每種動物的數(shù)量都顯著下降。一種解釋就是兩棲動物數(shù)量的下降曾被歸因于始于1975年的在公園水域引入鮭魚的行為(鮭魚捕食兩棲動物的卵)。
Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.
閱讀
長文章1
文章大意:
十八世紀晚期英國文學的權(quán)威們似乎認為相比于小說而言,女性應(yīng)該去喜歡歷史而非小說,因為閱讀歷史被認為是有好處的,這一點可以從Hanway的一部小說中看出,小說女主人公喜歡讀歷史,所以大家就覺得她比她不喜歡讀歷史的妹妹更有美德、更聰明。在簡奧斯丁的另一部小說里也體現(xiàn)了這一點,一個角色不喜歡歷史,而另一個更聰明、成熟的角色則喜歡歷史。然而,這兩個例子中對歷史的贊揚其實是雙刃劍。簡奧斯丁小說里的那個角色之所以不喜歡讀歷史,是因為她不喜歡充滿了男性、而幾乎沒有女性的歷史書,這體現(xiàn)了從女權(quán)主義角度對歷史的一種批評。而Hanway在其小說中給主人公對歷史的閱讀帶來了政治上的爭議,把那個時代最富有爭議的兩個宗教懷疑這列為自己最喜歡的歷史作者(Hume和Gibbons)。雖然Hume寫的歷史不如他的哲學那么引起人們的爭議,在Hanway的那個時代也有著廣泛的對于Hume作為一個歷史作家的道德上的懷疑,而Gibbons對于古典異教的支持從他關(guān)于羅馬的歷史出現(xiàn)的第一天就引起了爭議。
題目1:The author’s primary purpose is that
參考答案:a particular issue is more complex than it might appear
題目2: The highlighted sentence exemplifies which of the following?
(Readers of Marry Ann Hanw ay’s novel Andrew Stewart, or the Northern Wanderer, learning that its heroine delights in David Hume’s and Edward Gibbon’s histories, could conclude that she was more virtuous and intelligent than her sister, who disdains such reading.)
參考答案:An instance in which a particular judgment about the value of reading history is apparently presupposed
題目3:作者支持以下哪項下面關(guān)于Hume的說法( 這道是講義中沒有的題目)
對應(yīng)文章原句:Hume’s history was generally seen as being less objectionable than his philosophy
題目4:The author mentions the “widespread doubts” in order to
參考答案:illustrate a point about a way eighteenth-century fiction sometimes represented historians
長文章2
越來越多的證據(jù)表明山體滑坡的頻率和強度在世界很多地方都在發(fā)生變化,作為對氣候變化的一種回應(yīng)。這不是一件奇怪的事情,考慮到降雨是山體滑坡的兩大外界誘因之一,另一個是地震活動。過去的證據(jù)明確地表明,山體滑坡活動活躍的周期后緊接著不活躍的周期,這些變化與氣候的變化在不同的時間尺度上都是相關(guān)的。
而最近的山體滑坡與之前的不同之處在于最近的滑坡很有可能是人類造成的,要么是單獨作用,要么是與氣候因素共同作用,而進一步地改變了山體滑坡的過程和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)對之的相應(yīng)。在這些因素中,森林砍伐和土地用途的改變有能力改變山體滑坡的頻率和強度,因為它們能夠直接影響植被的特性,而植被能夠影響山坡的穩(wěn)定性。山體的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)能夠在多大程度上承受這種變化,即在發(fā)生變化之前山體能夠吸收多少這樣的影響,目前還不清楚。研究這個問題對長期的群山保護是非常重要的。
題目1:The author of the passage cites “evidence from the past” in order to
參考答案:support a partial explanation
題目2:The passage makes which of the following claims?
參考答案:Decreases in landsliding activity have historically been accompanied by changes in climate.
題目3:The author of the passage suggests which of the following about the role of human factors in landsliding activity? (多選題)
參考答案:Human factors can intensify or alter the effects of climate change on landsliding activity. 與 Until recently, human factors did not have much impact on landsliding activity.
短文章:
一個很有影響力的之前的觀點認為,一個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)包含了僅能夠為有限數(shù)量的物種所使用的生態(tài)位(niches), 物種之間對于資源的競爭,不管是本地物種之間的競爭還是包含了入侵物種,決定了一個物種的成功與否。然而,除了競爭以外的一些其他因素通常能夠解釋入侵物種的成功。比如,美國灰松鼠經(jīng)常被作為一個很經(jīng)典的在競爭方面有優(yōu)勢的成功的入侵物種,于1876年被引入英國,現(xiàn)在種群數(shù)量很多,而原來的本地物種紅松鼠數(shù)量則減少了。雖然科學家們發(fā)現(xiàn),灰松鼠在覓食方面比紅松鼠效率更高,他們也注意到即使在灰松鼠被引入之前,英國的紅松鼠的數(shù)量就已經(jīng)有一個周期性的趨勢在減少以至于滅絕,而后來被重新引入。另外,很多灰松鼠身上攜帶著對于灰松鼠致命的疾病。
題目:
1. It can be inferred that the author of the passage mentions the efficiency with which gray squirrels
forage primarily in order to
A. identify a factor that explains a certain phenomenon
B. call attention to an inconsistency in a particular theory
C. suggest that competition cannot be the factor responsible for a particular outcome
D. acknowledge a fact that appears to support a view that the author intends to qualify
E. cite evidence that is not consistent with an early influential view about species competition
參考答案: D
2. It can be inferred that the author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about the “early view?”
A. It reflects a mistaken assumption about the means by which nonnative species are introduced into ecosystems.
B. Its basic premise is shown to be valid by the effect of American gray squirrels on Britain’s red squirrel population.
C. It presents a simplistic picture of the means by which species composition within ecosystems is determined.
D. It can effectively explain the formation of ecosystems that contain few species but cannot adequately account for the formation of complex ecosystems.
E. It understates the importance of competition as a factor determining species composition within ecosystems.
參考答案: C
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