全面解析：攻克托福閱讀難題，這四項(xiàng)最為關(guān)鍵!

在托福機(jī)考(IBT)中，聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)四部分是分開(kāi)逐步進(jìn)行。而閱讀部分作為托?？荚?/a>的開(kāi)篇，直接關(guān)系著考生們的心態(tài)，甚至對(duì)整場(chǎng)托?？荚?/a>成敗有很大的影響，但很多同學(xué)在托福閱讀部分，沒(méi)有掌握正確的做題方法，往往陷入一種“很努力，但成績(jī)不理想”的誤區(qū)。為此，留學(xué)監(jiān)理網(wǎng)的小編為大家分享托福名師解答：掌握這四項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，順利攻克托福閱讀難關(guān)。

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托福閱讀成績(jī)的高低在于知道答案在哪里，而非答案是什么。

明白作者的寫(xiě)作思路，找到文章的段與段之前、句子與句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，掌握正確做題思路，以不變應(yīng)萬(wàn)變才是關(guān)鍵。

因此，想要取得托福閱讀部分的高分，托福名師指出，大家最好懂得以下四大關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：

關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)1：邏輯關(guān)系最重要

一般來(lái)講，托福閱讀中常見(jiàn)的邏輯關(guān)系主要有轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯、并列邏輯、比較邏輯、因果邏輯、舉例邏輯五種。

邏輯是一篇文章的靈魂，也是出題者的集中地，考試中經(jīng)常以混淆邏輯關(guān)系為出題點(diǎn)，所以快速識(shí)別出文章中的邏輯關(guān)系絕對(duì)是閱讀備考的重中之重。托福文章多以科普性文章居多，有時(shí)邏輯關(guān)系表達(dá)的比較隱晦，一時(shí)間可能難以識(shí)別，但是這些都可以通過(guò)平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練進(jìn)行提高，直至形成條件性反射。

下面就是為大家整理的一些邏輯關(guān)系的提示詞，看到這些詞，大家就要警覺(jué)起來(lái)，迅速識(shí)別出是哪種邏輯關(guān)系!但是這些提示詞也僅供參考，大家還是要考慮具體語(yǔ)境。

注：以下例句均出自托福TPO閱讀。

1)轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯

這是必須掌握的邏輯關(guān)系，很容易出題。我們把讓步與轉(zhuǎn)折都?xì)w到這里，因?yàn)樗鼈兊奶崾驹~往往很相似，但是具體是讓步還是轉(zhuǎn)折我們還是根據(jù)語(yǔ)境分析。轉(zhuǎn)折，常見(jiàn)于前后具有兩個(gè)完全相反的意思;而讓步往往有欲揚(yáng)先抑、先貶后煲的意味，提及的信息有一種預(yù)料之外的感覺(jué)。

but / however 最容易辨別的提示詞

The green iceberg did not contain large amounts of particles from these   organisms, but the ice had accumulated dissolved organic matter from the   seawater.

even though / even if 雖然，即使

Even if the new population is of a different species, it can approximately   fill the niche vacated by the extinct population and keep the food web   intact.

nonetheless / nevertheless 盡管如此，然而

A warm-blooded turtle may seem to be a contradiction in terms. Nonetheless,   an adult leatherback can maintain a body temperature of between 25 and 26°C   (77-79°F) in seawater that is only 8°C (46.4°F).

despite / in spite of 盡管

But the shortage of crews proved to be a greater and greater problem, despite   continuous appeal to Venic’s tradition of maritime greatness.

at least 隱含讓步

At least in temperate zones, maximum diversity is often found in   mid-successional stages, not in the climax community.

seem to后常見(jiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折

One Lascaux narrative picture, which shows a man with a birdlike head and a   wounded animal, would seem to lend credence to this third opinion, but there is   still much that remains unexplained.

2)并列邏輯

出現(xiàn)并列時(shí)要注意，要迅速把并列對(duì)象聯(lián)系起來(lái)，很可能會(huì)在except題中出現(xiàn)。同時(shí)，某些并列詞常伴隨著對(duì)比轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

and / both ……and…… 最明顯的并列提示詞。名詞間用and連接表并列，句子間用and連接常表遞進(jìn)

It swims farther into the cold of the northern and southern oceans than any   other sea turtle, and it deals with the chilly waters in a way unique among   reptiles.

between……and…… / among

Generally, there is uncertainty as to whether very young children can   distinguish between fantasy and reality in advertising.

as well as 還有

All had immediate access to the sea, and this had important implications for   a significant international resource, fish, as well as for cheap transport,   merchant marines, and the shipbuilding industry.

together with 伴隨

Recent measurements made in the field together with laboratory simulations   offer a promising explanation of how this structure of charged particles   forms.

comprise / consist 包含

The greater Pacific region, traditionally called Oceania, consists of three   cultural areas: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.

either……or…… / neither……nor……

Steam also promised to eliminate a transportation problem not fully solved by   either canal boats or turnpikes.

apart from 除了

Apart from statues representing deities, kings, and named members of the   elite that can be called formal, there is another group of three-dimensional   representations that depicts generic figures, frequently servants, from the   nonelite population.

3)比較邏輯

主要集中在相同相似、相反相異、比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)。另外，在涉及到兩個(gè)不同的對(duì)象，轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯可以轉(zhuǎn)換為比較邏輯。

previously 時(shí)間先后對(duì)比

Previously, large audiences had viewed spectacles at the theater, where   vaudeville, popular dramas, musical and minstrel shows, classical plays,   lectures, and slide-and-lantern shows had been presented to several hundred   spectators at a time.

the first time 第一次 隱含的和以前的比較，以前沒(méi)有過(guò)

For the first time, people began to talk about ice ages.

比較級(jí)

Mass-produced goods were accompanied by fewer more aesthetically impressive   objects such as statuettes.

最高級(jí)

It was constructed in the latest Italian style.

倍數(shù)

Furthermore, other studies show that Caucasian American mother-child pairs   talk about past events three times more often than do Korean mother-child   pairs.

similar / same / different 表相同相似與不同

The Kinetoscope parlors functioned in a similar way.

relatively / comparatively

On Mars, there are relatively few craters less than 5 kilometers in   diameter.

rather than 而不是，兩者對(duì)比

There is little doubt, however, that desertification in most areas results   primarily from human activities rather than natural processes.

by contrast 與前者正反對(duì)比

By contrast, the large zebra lives on the masses of low-quality stem   material.

likewise 同樣地

The wildebeests follow, in their migration, the pattern of local rainfall.   The other species do likewise.

some……others…… 轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯可以轉(zhuǎn)換為比較邏輯

It is anthropologically important to inquire into the conditions that made   some societies adopt agriculture while others remained hunter-gatherers or   horticulturalists.

4)因果邏輯

一定要搞清楚原因和結(jié)果，常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)設(shè)置即因果倒置。

because / so / therefore 最明顯的因果邏輯提示詞

Because the surface of the water table is not flat but instead rises and   falls with topography, groundwater is affected by gravity in the same fashion as   surface water.

cause / lead to 原因?qū)е陆Y(jié)果

In Europe as a whole, the exceptional reduction in the population and the   related fall in demand for grain since the beginning of the seventeenth century   had caused the price of agricultural products to fall.

result / consequence 結(jié)果是……的原因

The great height of Martian volcanoes is a direct consequence of the planet’s   low surface gravity.

after 后面跟隱含的原因

After projectors became popular, Edison lost money, and although he had   previously refused to develop projection technology, now be was forced to do   so.

once 后面跟隱含的原因

Once seen by the natives, such objects created a fashion which rapidly spread   through the province.

5)舉例邏輯

舉例是把一類事物落實(shí)到具體的事物上，常見(jiàn)于推斷題。例如：

我喜歡打游戲，比如荒野行動(dòng)。

可推出“荒野行動(dòng)是游戲”以及“我喜歡荒野行動(dòng)”。

such as

The use of celebrities such as singers and movie stars is common in   advertising.

like

Consequently, the timing and rhythms of biological functions must closely   match periodic events like the solar day, the tides, the lunar cycle, and the   seasons.

>>>怎么提高托福詞匯量？托福考試詞匯量，到底要有多大?

關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)2：隱含否定要警惕

文章中出現(xiàn)否定也要特別注意，往往也是出題點(diǎn)，有可能把肯定變成否定，否定變肯定，而且往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些隱性否定詞，大家也學(xué)會(huì)識(shí)別。例如：

否定詞

underestimate

not at all

in the absence of

difficult

it is not surprising that

rarely

oppositely

unable to

prevent from

exclude exclusion

little

keep from

compromise

unreliable

nonagricultural

discard

have nothing to do

a lack of

不同態(tài)度要弄清

托福閱讀中關(guān)于態(tài)度的表達(dá)主要集中在學(xué)者的態(tài)度與公眾的態(tài)度兩種，常見(jiàn)態(tài)度有疑問(wèn)、矛盾、不確定、驚訝、正面、負(fù)面。

態(tài)度詞

underestimate 低估

look down on 看不起

look up to 尊敬

think / believe 態(tài)度提示詞

favor / unfavor

support

withstand

contradictory

susceptible

suitable

unique

contradiction

problem

suspect

work perfectly

criticize

vital

>>>免費(fèi)托福成績(jī)測(cè)試，你與世界名校的語(yǔ)言成績(jī)差多少？

關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)3：學(xué)術(shù)詞匯不能忘

學(xué)術(shù)詞匯分為學(xué)術(shù)名詞與學(xué)術(shù)動(dòng)詞，主要是涉及到舉例、定義、實(shí)驗(yàn)、說(shuō)明等情況，也是需要特別注意的詞。

學(xué)術(shù)名詞

type

standard

result

factor

feature

explanation

theory

experiment

evidence

solution

context

foundation

view

answer

clue

evidence

學(xué)術(shù)動(dòng)詞

introduce

illustrate

demonstrate

identify

show

reveal

find

provide

indicate

demonstrate

recognize

represent

suggest

assume

retain

discover

produce

關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)4：掌握正確的托福閱讀文章套路

The majority【多數(shù)，暗含了比較】 of three-dimensional representations【復(fù)數(shù)詞，易展開(kāi)】， whether   【讓步】standing, seated, or【并列】 kneeling, exhibit【學(xué)術(shù)】what is called frontality:   they face straight ahead, neither twisting nor turning【并列】. When such statues   are viewed in isolation, out of 【負(fù)向詞】 their original context 【學(xué)術(shù)】and   【并列】without【否定】 knowledge of their function【學(xué)術(shù)】, it is easy【態(tài)度】 to criticize【否定   態(tài)度】them for their rigid attitudes 【態(tài)度】that remained unchanged【否定】for three   thousand years. Frontality is, however,【轉(zhuǎn)折】 directly related to 【隱含因果詞】the   functions of Egyptian statuary and the contexts in which the statues were set   up. Statues were created not 【否定】for their decorative effect but 【轉(zhuǎn)折】to play a   primary role in the cults of the gods, the king, and 【并列】the dead. They were   designed to be put in places where these beings could manifest themselves in   order to 【目的】be the recipients of ritual actions. Thus【因果】 it made sense to show   the statue looking ahead at what was happening in front of it, so that【因果】 the   living performer of the ritual could interact with the divine or deceased   recipient. Very often such statues were enclosed in rectangular shrines or   【并列】wall niches whose only opening was at the front, making it natural for the   statue to display frontality. Other【比較】 statues were designed to be placed   within an architectural setting, for instance,【舉例】 in front of the monumental   entrance gateways to temples known as pylons, or in pillared courts, where they   would be placed against or between pillars: their frontality worked   perfectly【態(tài)度】 within the architectural context.

>>>一鍵輸入GPA（2.0-4.0）、雅思/托福成績(jī)，快速準(zhǔn)確留學(xué)定位

留學(xué)規(guī)劃和留學(xué)申請(qǐng)是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)期工程，不能片面聽(tīng)取網(wǎng)友的交流，更不能輕信留學(xué)中介的說(shuō)辭。留學(xué)監(jiān)理網(wǎng)由有20多年國(guó)際教育行業(yè)管理和服務(wù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的前教育部官員胡本未老師創(chuàng)立，得到新華社和央視網(wǎng)的高度評(píng)價(jià)。留學(xué)監(jiān)理網(wǎng)免費(fèi)為學(xué)生提供留學(xué)咨詢規(guī)劃建議、推薦靠譜的留學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)、審核留學(xué)方案和中介服務(wù)協(xié)議，受學(xué)生委托提供監(jiān)理服務(wù)、督辦留學(xué)中介的服務(wù)過(guò)程并“先行賠付”。

任何關(guān)于托福閱讀問(wèn)題，比如托福閱讀需要多大詞匯量，托福詞匯有哪些記憶方法，托福考試如何突破詞匯難關(guān)、提分有效的托福培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)等內(nèi)容，大家可以在線咨詢留學(xué)監(jiān)理老師或持續(xù)訪問(wèn)該欄目的其它相關(guān)文章。

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