掃清托福閱讀障礙：托福閱讀長難句解析

各位考生，你們有木有遇到這樣的情況？一個句子中每個單詞都認識，但是卻看不懂這句話究竟是什么意思。這種情況是不是很糾結？托?？荚?/a>閱讀中會出現(xiàn)一些結構特別復雜的句子，我們把它們叫做長難句。詞匯只是句子的基礎，要明白一句話的意思，必須能搞懂這些長難句的句子結構。一起來看看下面這10句長難句解析，相信會幫你掃清托福閱讀障礙，助你一臂之力哦！

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大家可以先試著自己理解一下，然后再看解析喲！

1、In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet itspurpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them——even while building materials have changed dramatically.

(In order for the structure) (to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose), architecture employs methods of support that, (because they are based on physical laws), have changed little since people first discovered them—— (even while building materials have changed dramatically. )

分析：一個句子重點在于主干，看懂了主干，就看懂了句子的主要成分。以下主干為句子中紅色部分，括號里均是修飾成分。

修飾一：(In order for the structure)，介詞短語。

修飾二：(to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose)，非謂語做形容詞性修飾structure。

修飾三：(because they are based on physical laws)，插入語，插入語記得先跳過去，斷句別出問題，that和have changed是在一起的。

修飾四：(that have changed little sincepeople first discovered them.從句修飾support。

修飾五：(even while building materials have changed dramatically. )，從句。

括號外面的是主干：architectureemploys methods of support，注意support這里是名詞。

已經(jīng)拆成這么短了，你再試試看，應該能看懂了吧?其實在理解句子的時候比較容易犯錯在于斷句和語序，語序和中文有差異。

參考翻譯：為了使結構達到必要的大小和強度去滿足它的目的，建筑學上使用了一些支撐的方法，因為這些方法都是基于物理定律，所以盡管建筑材料已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大變化，這些方法卻自人們發(fā)現(xiàn)它們以來就沒有什么變化。

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2、Fuller devised a type of dance that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore, which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms, sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes.

voluminous/v?'l?m?n?s/adj.(指衣物)用料多的, 寬松的, 肥大的;

drapery/'drep?ri/n.布料

wand/wɑnd/ n. 棍; 棒; 杖; (尤指小仙子或魔術師用的)魔杖

costume/'kɑstum/ n. 服裝, 服裝式樣

Fuller devised a type of dance (that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore), (which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms), (sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes).

分析：

修飾一：(that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore)，從句，修飾dance，大家注意skirts or draperies (she wore)這里還有一個從句哦。

中文：專注于燈光的變換和她所穿寬松的裙子或布料顏色

修飾二：(which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms)，從句，修飾前面skirts or draperies，其實是keep skirts or draperies inconstant motion…

中文：她主要通過手臂的移動使裙子或布料保持連續(xù)的移動

修飾三：(sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes)，非謂語動詞，修飾arms。主要這里with wands (concealed under her costumes)中concealed under her costumes修飾wands

中文：有時候手臂由于隱藏在衣服下面的手杖而變長

主干：括號外面的，F(xiàn)ullerdevised a type of dance

參考翻譯：Fuller設計了一種(專注于燈光的變換和她所穿寬松的裙子或布料顏色)的舞蹈，在舞蹈中，她主要通過手臂的移動使裙子或布料保持連續(xù)的移動，有時候手臂由于隱藏在衣服下面的手杖而變長。

這個句子的主要修飾成分就是從句和非謂語動詞，大家務必想清楚，每一個修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個句子的結構。

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3、Her dancing also attracted the attention of French poets and painters of the period, for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake, a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit, and their efforts to synthesize form and content.

appeal v.懇求，呼吁;(對某人)有吸引力~to sb; (使某人)感興趣;上訴

for one’s sake為了…的緣故

synthesize/?s?nθ??sa?z/v. 合成，綜合

這里是分界線，先自己分析哦。

Her dancing also attracted the attention (of French poets and painters) (of the period), (for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake, (a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit),and their efforts to synthesize form and content.)

分析：

修飾一：(of French poets and painters)，介詞短語，修飾the attention。大家注意英文喜歡把修飾成分放在后面，這個很重要。

中文：法國詩人和花季。

修飾二：(of the period) ，介詞短語，修飾French poets and painters，也是放在后面哦。

修飾三：(a nineteenth-century idea that art is valuable in itself rather than because it may have some moral or educational benefit)，同位語，用來解釋說明前面的belief，這個同位語語放在這里分割了原句，大家斷句的時候要注意。

中文：一個19世紀的思想：藝術本身比它所帶來的道德或教育利益更有價值。

修飾四：(for it appealed to their liking for mystery, their belief in art for art’s sake , and their efforts to synthesize formand content.)，從句，表示原因，大家注意我把同位語去掉了(因為不重要)，這樣更能看清重要內(nèi)容。這里有一個并列結構，是一個A, B, and C結構，不知道大家在看的時候有沒有看出來，A= their liking for mystery，B= their belief in art for art’ssake，C= their efforts to synthesize form and content，插入語解釋B。

中文：因為它吸引了他們對于神秘的喜好、他們?yōu)樗囆g而藝術的信仰以及他們把形式和內(nèi)容融合到一起所作的努力

主干：括號外面的，Her dancing also attracted the attention

參考翻譯：

她的舞蹈還吸引了當時法國一些詩人和畫家的注意，因為它吸引了他們對于神秘的喜好、他們?yōu)樗囆g而藝術的信仰(這是一個19世紀的思想：藝術本身比它所帶來的道德或教育利益更有價值)以及他們把形式和內(nèi)容融合到一起所作的努力。

這個句子的主要修飾成分就是從句和同位語，大家務必想清楚，每一個修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個句子的結構。

4、The ice shelf cores, with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet), were long enough to penetrate through glacial ice—which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles—and to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice formed from seawater that freezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice.

penetrate /'pen?tre?t/ v. 進入或穿過某物;充滿，遍布

compact /k?m'p?kt/ v. 將(某物)緊壓在一起

我是分界線，先自己分析哦。

The ice shelf cores, (with a total length of 215 meters(705 feet)),were long enough (to penetrate through glacial ice)—(which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles)—and (to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice) (formed from seawater)(tha tfreezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice. )

分析：

大家可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，把句子拆短了之后，就容易理解多了。請大家仔細看分析。

修飾一： (with a total length of 215 meters(705 feet))，介詞短語，修飾the iceshelf cores，修飾成分一般放后面哦

中文：總長為215米(705英尺)

修飾二：(to penetrate through glacial ice)，非謂語動詞

中文：穿透冰川冰

修飾三：(which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles)，從句，修飾glacial ice，修飾成分一般放后面哦

中文：由壓縮的雪形成的并包含氣泡

修飾四：(to continue into the clear,bubble-free ice)，非謂語動詞

中文：繼續(xù)進入清澈的、沒有氣泡的冰

修飾五：(formed from seawater) ，非謂語動詞，修飾the clear, bubble-free ice

中文：由海水形成

修飾六：(that freezes onto the bottom ofthe glacial ice.) ，從句，修飾seawater

中文：凝固在冰川冰底部

主干：括號外面的，The iceshelf cores were long enough，主和謂語中間被解詞短語with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet)隔開了，大家要注意。

參考翻譯：

總長為215米(705英尺)的冰架核已足以穿透(由壓縮的雪形成的并包含氣泡)的冰川冰，隨后穿透清澈的、沒有氣泡的冰，這些冰是由凝固在冰川冰底部的海水形成的。

這個句子的主要修飾成分就是介詞短語、非謂語動詞、從句。

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5、Contrary to the arguments of some that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift, it seems reasonable that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals.

maroon /m?'ru?n/ v. 放逐到無人島上，使孤立

adrift /?'dr?ft/ adj. 漂流的，漂泊的

feat /fi?t/ n. 功績，偉業(yè)

deliberate /d?'l?b?r?t/ adj. 故意的，刻意的

set out 從某地出發(fā)

stock v. 貯備，貯存

domesticate /d?'m?st?ket/ v. 馴養(yǎng)(動物等)

我是分界線，先自己分析哦。

Contrary to the arguments of some (that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift), it seems reasonable (that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions (that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals. ) )

分析：

修飾一：(that much of thepacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift)，從句，修飾arguments

中文：波利尼西亞人是在偶爾迷失和漂流被困住而定居在大部分太平洋地區(qū)

修飾二：在上一個從句里還有一個省略的從句(after being lost and adrift) =(after Polynesians were lost and adrift)

修飾三：(that set outfully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals. )，從句，修飾expeditions，注意這里(fully stocked with food and domesticated plants andanimals. )，非謂語動詞修飾set out

中文：出發(fā)時充分貯存了食物和被馴化動植物

主干：大家注意，(that this feat wasaccomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stockedwith food and domesticated plants and animals.)， it seems reasonable中的 it指代這個從句，真正的主語是這個從句

參考翻譯：

和某些人的觀點相反，這些觀點認為波利尼西亞人是在偶爾迷失和漂流被困住而定居在大部分太平洋地區(qū)，另外一種觀點似乎更加合理，認為這些功績是通過故意的并且出發(fā)時充分貯存了食物和被馴化動植物的殖民探險來實現(xiàn)的。

這個句子的主要修飾成分就是非謂語動詞和從句。

怎們樣，看了上面的分析，是不是有點豁然開朗的感覺吶??？看明白之后，別只看一遍，看幾十遍!!沒事就拿出來欣賞欣賞，直到你想吐為止。

讀書百遍，其義自現(xiàn)。每個人英語水平不一樣，你覺得這個句子有點難，你就記錄下來，然后反復閱讀，當你平時看得都是這樣長句子的時候，再回去看TPO中正常的句子，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)怎么一個句子兩行就結束了，因為你平時看得都是五六行的句子，豁然開朗。

茶余飯后、飯前便后、鞍前馬后多看幾遍，因為句子結構復雜是有規(guī)律的，常見的修飾成分就那些，看多了就會越來越快。

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