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時(shí)間:2016-03-17
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事實(shí)上,大多數(shù)美國(guó)大學(xué)的申請(qǐng)文章,并不是一年一變,而是總體保持穩(wěn)定不變的。少數(shù)學(xué)校即使有變化,也是“萬(wàn)變不離其宗”。從這些文章的要求中,我們可以看出美國(guó)大學(xué)希望通過(guò)文字了解申請(qǐng)者的哪些主要方面。文章之外,近兩年越來(lái)越多的學(xué)校對(duì)于中國(guó)大陸申請(qǐng)者提出了面試的要求。本文與大家一起分享的是美國(guó)大學(xué)本科申請(qǐng)文書要求解析。
一、特殊經(jīng)歷類
這類文章要求申請(qǐng)者寫出自己最有特色、最有啟發(fā)、最與眾不同的經(jīng)歷。其中一個(gè)比較有代表性的方面,是申請(qǐng)者通過(guò)突破各種阻礙獲得成長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程。
—— The lessons we take from failure can be fundamental to later success. Recount an incident or time when you experienced failure. How did it affect you, and what did you learn from the experience? 我們從失敗中得到的教訓(xùn)可以對(duì)后來(lái)的成功起到?jīng)Q定性的作用。描述你經(jīng)歷過(guò)的一次失敗,它如何影響了你?你從這次經(jīng)歷中學(xué)到了什么?(普申系統(tǒng)個(gè)人陳述第二題)
—— Discuss an accomplishment or event, formal or informal, that marked your transition from childhood to adulthood within your culture, community, or family. 論述你獲得的一項(xiàng)成就或你經(jīng)歷的一個(gè)事件,正式或非正式的都可以,但必須在你所屬的家庭、社會(huì)和文化背景中,標(biāo)志著你從孩子轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槌赡耆肆恕?普申系統(tǒng)個(gè)人陳述第五題)
—— Describe a circumstance, obstacle or conflict in your life, and the skills and resources you used to resolve it. Did it change you? If so, how? 描述你生活中遇到的一個(gè)特殊的情形、困難或沖突,你運(yùn)用什么技能和資源解決難題?你有沒(méi)有因?yàn)檫@次經(jīng)歷而有所改變?如果有,是如何改變的?(德州奧斯汀大學(xué)第二題)
特殊的經(jīng)歷也可以是申請(qǐng)者對(duì)于自己關(guān)注的問(wèn)題,通過(guò)探究、質(zhì)疑,找到答案的過(guò)程。
—— Reflect on a time when you challenged a belief or idea. What prompted you to act? Would you make the same decision again? 回顧你挑戰(zhàn)他人的一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或信念的經(jīng)歷。是什么促使你發(fā)起挑戰(zhàn)?如果給你第二次機(jī)會(huì),你還會(huì)依舊提出挑戰(zhàn)嗎?(普申系統(tǒng)個(gè)人陳述第三題)
—— Describe a problem you've solved or a problem you'd like to solve. It can be an intellectual challenge, a research query, an ethical dilemma-anything that is of personal importance, no matter the scale. Explain its significance to you and what steps you took or could be taken to identify a solution. 描述你已經(jīng)或打算解決的一個(gè)問(wèn)題,可以是學(xué)術(shù)科研方面的,也可以是倫理道德方面的,任何問(wèn)題,不論大小,只要對(duì)你個(gè)人有重大的意義。請(qǐng)說(shuō)明這個(gè)問(wèn)題為何對(duì)你意義重大,你如何逐步解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題?(普申系統(tǒng)個(gè)人陳述第四題)
—— In the interest of courageous inquiry, what question do you want to help answer and why? 為了體現(xiàn)勇于探究的精神,你想要找到哪個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案,為什么?(埃默里大學(xué)附加文章第二題)
二、自我認(rèn)知類
這類文章要求寫出申請(qǐng)者對(duì)自我的認(rèn)識(shí),可以從個(gè)性、興趣、才能等多個(gè)方面中選取一項(xiàng)來(lái)表現(xiàn)申請(qǐng)者是一個(gè)什么樣的人、有什么突出的特點(diǎn),或者最與眾不同的地方。
—— Some students have a background, identity, interest, or talent that is so meaningful they believe their application would be incomplete without it. If this sounds like you, then please share your story. 有些學(xué)生的某個(gè)經(jīng)歷、興趣、才能,或是對(duì)自我的認(rèn)識(shí),對(duì)于他們來(lái)說(shuō)意義重大。如果申請(qǐng)中缺失了這一內(nèi)容,就感覺(jué)申請(qǐng)材料不全面完整了。如果你屬于這種情況,請(qǐng)把你的故事寫出來(lái)與大家分享。(普申系統(tǒng)個(gè)人陳述第一題)
—— Tell us about a personal quality, talent, accomplishment, contribution or experience that is important to you. What about this quality or accomplishment makes you proud and how does it relate to the person you are? 請(qǐng)告訴我們一個(gè)對(duì)你而言重要的個(gè)人品質(zhì)、才能、成就、貢獻(xiàn)或經(jīng)歷,這個(gè)品質(zhì)或成就如何讓你引以自豪,又如何體現(xiàn)你是一個(gè)什么樣的人?(加州系統(tǒng)第二題)
—— Tell us a story from your life, describing an experience that either demonstrates your character or helped to shape it. 請(qǐng)給我們講一個(gè)你生活中的故事,描述你的一次經(jīng)歷,能夠體現(xiàn)你的個(gè)性,或是塑造了你的個(gè)性的經(jīng)歷。(華盛頓大學(xué)個(gè)人陳述第二題)
三、“過(guò)去影響現(xiàn)在和未來(lái)”類
這類文章要求申請(qǐng)者寫清楚“你從哪里來(lái)?”,并如何影響了“你現(xiàn)在怎樣?”或“你要到哪里去?”也就是申請(qǐng)者過(guò)去經(jīng)歷過(guò)的人和事,如何練就了他的素養(yǎng)、塑造了他未來(lái)的目標(biāo)。
—— Describe the world you come from—for example, your family, community or school—and tell us how your world has shaped your dreams and aspirations. 描述你來(lái)自于一個(gè)什么樣的世界,比如說(shuō),你的家庭、社區(qū)、或?qū)W校,告訴我們你的世界如何塑造了你的夢(mèng)想和抱負(fù)。(加州系統(tǒng)第一題)
—— Describe the world you come from; for example, your family, clubs, school, community, city,or town. How has that world shaped your dreams and aspirations? 描述你來(lái)自于一個(gè)什么樣的世界,比如說(shuō),你的家庭、社團(tuán)、學(xué)校、社區(qū)或城市,你的世界如何塑造了你的夢(mèng)想和抱負(fù)?(麻省理工附加文第四題)
—— There is a Quaker saying: “Let your life speak.” Describe the environment in which you were raised—your family, home, neighborhood or community—and how it influenced the person you are today. 基督教教友派有一句名言:“讓你的生活發(fā)聲?!闭?qǐng)描述你生長(zhǎng)的環(huán)境,你的家、家庭成員、鄰里或社區(qū),以及他們?nèi)绾斡绊懩愠蔀楝F(xiàn)在的你。(塔夫斯大學(xué)附加文第二題)
—— Discuss how your family’s experience or cultural history enriched you or presented you with opportunities or challenges in pursuing your educational goals. 請(qǐng)論述你家庭成員的生活經(jīng)歷或文化背景如何滋養(yǎng)了你,并在達(dá)成你的教育目標(biāo)的過(guò)程中,為你提供了什么樣的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)。(華盛頓大學(xué)個(gè)人陳述第一題)
—— At Colgate we strive to foster an inclusive community. Please discuss how your life experiences, family background, and/or culture has helped to shape you as aperson. It would be especially helpful if you would also reflect on an experience which demonstrated your character and personal values. 在科爾蓋特,我們努力打造一個(gè)包容多樣化的群體。請(qǐng)論述你的生活經(jīng)歷,家庭背景,和/或文化氛圍如何塑造了你這個(gè)人。如果你能夠通過(guò)討論一次經(jīng)歷來(lái)展示你的性格特點(diǎn)和個(gè)人價(jià)值觀,將對(duì)我們了解你尤其有幫助。(科爾蓋特文理學(xué)院附加文)
四、學(xué)術(shù)興趣類
這類文章一般要求申請(qǐng)者闡述自己對(duì)所選學(xué)科為什么感興趣?或是興趣從何而來(lái)?如何逐步發(fā)展的?打算在大學(xué)里如何進(jìn)一步展開學(xué)習(xí)?以及目標(biāo)學(xué)校的哪些資源可以支持申請(qǐng)者展開學(xué)習(xí)?有相當(dāng)多的學(xué)校要求寫這方面的文章,只是側(cè)重各有不同,下面舉一些具有代表性的例子。
—— For applicants to Columbia College, please tell us what from your current and past experiences (either academic or personal) attracts you specifically to the field or fields of study that you noted in the Member Questions section. If you are currently undecided, please write about any field or fields in which you may have an interest at this time. (300 words or less) 請(qǐng)申請(qǐng)哥倫比亞學(xué)院的學(xué)生告訴我們,你目前和過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷之中(學(xué)術(shù)的或個(gè)人非學(xué)術(shù)的經(jīng)歷),哪些引發(fā)了你對(duì)于你在申請(qǐng)系統(tǒng)中選擇的一個(gè)或多個(gè)專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的興趣?如果你現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有明確的專業(yè)選擇,請(qǐng)就你目前任何一個(gè)或多個(gè)感興趣的領(lǐng)域展開討論。(哥倫比亞大學(xué)之哥倫比亞文理學(xué)院附加文)
—— Stanford students possess an intellectual vitality. Reflect on an idea or experience that has been important to your intellectual development. 斯坦福的學(xué)生都具有活躍的學(xué)術(shù)思想。闡述一個(gè)對(duì)于你的學(xué)術(shù)思想發(fā)展至關(guān)重要的想法或經(jīng)歷。(斯坦福大學(xué)附加文第三題)
—— How will you explore your intellectual and academic interests at the University of Pennsylvania? Please answer this question given the specific undergraduate school to which you are applying. 你在賓大將如何探究你的學(xué)術(shù)興趣?請(qǐng)結(jié)合你所申請(qǐng)的那個(gè)學(xué)院來(lái)回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。(賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)附加文)
—— Tell us about an engineering idea you have, or about your interest in engineering. Describe how your ideas and interests may be realized by "and linked to" specific resources within the College of Engineering. Finally, explain what a Cornell Engineering education will enable you to accomplish. 請(qǐng)告訴我們你在工程方面的一個(gè)想法,或是你對(duì)工程感興趣的地方。描述你的想法和興趣如何與工程學(xué)院的具體資源相聯(lián)系,并能在工程學(xué)院得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。最后,請(qǐng)說(shuō)明康奈爾的工程學(xué)教育能幫助你成就什么。(康奈爾大學(xué)之工程學(xué)院附加文)
—— Please submit a one page, single-spaced essay that explains why you have chosen Carnegie Mellon and your particular major(s), department(s) or program(s). This essay should include the reasons why you've chosen the major(s), any goals or relevant work plans and any other information you would like us to know. For freshmen applying to more than one college or program, please mention each college or program to which you are applying. Because our admission committees review applicants by college and program, your essay can impact our final decision. 請(qǐng)說(shuō)明你為什么選擇卡耐基梅隆和你選擇的那個(gè)特定的專業(yè)、系科或者項(xiàng)目?這篇文章應(yīng)當(dāng)包括你選擇專業(yè)的原因,你的目標(biāo)或者相關(guān)的工作計(jì)劃,或者其他任何你希望我們了解的內(nèi)容。如果你申請(qǐng)了多個(gè)學(xué)院或者項(xiàng)目,請(qǐng)?jiān)谖恼轮刑岬矫恳粋€(gè)。因?yàn)槲覀兊恼猩瘑T會(huì)根據(jù)不同的學(xué)院或項(xiàng)目來(lái)審核申請(qǐng)者的材料,你的文章會(huì)影響我們的最終決定。(卡耐基梅隆大學(xué)附加文第一題)
—— Through the Summer Undergraduate Research Program, Pomona provides students up to $4,000 to conduct research with a Pomona professor on any topic in the arts and humanities, social sciences, or natural sciences. Imagine you received one of these grants. What would you research and why is this topic important to you? How would you know if you had been successful in your research? 通過(guò)暑期本科生研究項(xiàng)目,波莫那為學(xué)生們提供最高四千美元的金額,以用于與一位波莫那教授合作,開展藝術(shù)、人文、社會(huì)科學(xué)、或自然科學(xué)中任何一項(xiàng)課題的研究。假想你是得到資助的學(xué)生之一,你會(huì)研究什么課題?為什么這個(gè)課題對(duì)你很重要?你如何可以判斷你的研究獲得了成功?(波莫那文理學(xué)院附加文第二題)
五、“讀后感”類
有些學(xué)校要求申請(qǐng)者列出讀過(guò)的書單就可以,比如哥倫比亞大學(xué)、斯坦福大學(xué)、戴維森文理學(xué)院;有些學(xué)校要求申請(qǐng)者針對(duì)讀過(guò)的書寫下感受;也有學(xué)校的問(wèn)題涵蓋了書籍以及其他任何創(chuàng)作性的成果,比如藝術(shù)、音樂(lè)作品等。同時(shí),閱讀也是很多學(xué)校招生官或校友面試時(shí)比較常見的一個(gè)話題。
—— Using a favorite quotation from an essay or book you have read in the last three years as a starting point, tell us about an event or experience that helped you define one of your values or changed how you approach the world. Please write the quotation, title and author at the beginning of your essay. 引用你最近三年讀過(guò)的文章或書中你最喜歡的一句話,以此作為文章的開頭,告訴我們一次事件或經(jīng)歷,幫助你明確了你的一個(gè)價(jià)值觀,或改變了你如何看待這個(gè)世界。請(qǐng)?jiān)谖恼麻_頭寫下你引用的那句話,以及書名和作者。(普林斯頓大學(xué)附加文第一題之第五選題)
—— Please list three books, along with their authors, that have been particularly meaningful to you. For each book, please include a sentence explaining their influence upon you. Please note that your response is not limited to math, science or school-assigned texts. 請(qǐng)列出對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)尤其有意義的三本書及其作者。請(qǐng)分別用一句話說(shuō)明每一本書對(duì)你的影響。請(qǐng)注意你的回答并非局限于數(shù)學(xué)、科學(xué),或?qū)W校布置的閱讀材料。(加州理工附加文第一題)
—— List the books (if any) you've read this year for pleasure. Choose one and in a sentence describe its impact on you. 請(qǐng)列出你今年休閑消遣閱讀的全部書名(如果有的話)。選擇其中的一本,用一句話描述它對(duì)你的影響力。(卡耐基梅隆大學(xué)附加文第二題)
—— List five books (with authors) you have read that piqued your curiosity. Discuss an idea from one of these works that interests you. 請(qǐng)列出五本激起你好奇心的書及其作者。并討論其中一本書中讓你感興趣的一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。(維克森林大學(xué)附加文第一題)
—— Share with us a few of your favorite books, poems, authors, films, plays, pieces of music, musicians, performers, paintings, artists, blogs, magazines, or newspapers. Feel free to touch on one, some, or all of the categories listed, or add acategory of your own. 請(qǐng)與我們分享你最喜歡的書、詩(shī)歌、作者、電影、戲劇、音樂(lè)、音樂(lè)家、演員、畫作、藝術(shù)家、博客、雜志或報(bào)紙。請(qǐng)隨意討論以上提到的一類、幾類或全部,或者加上你自己定義的一個(gè)種類。(芝加哥大學(xué)附加文第三題)
—— Many humanbeings throughout history have found inspiration and joy in literature and works of art. Is there a book, play, poem, movie, painting, music selection, or photograph that has been especially meaningful for you? 歷史上很多人曾在文學(xué)或藝術(shù)作品中找到靈感和快樂(lè)。有沒(méi)有一本書、一部劇、一首詩(shī)、一部電影、一幅畫作、一首樂(lè)曲,或一張照片對(duì)你有特殊的意義?(波士頓學(xué)院附加文第二題)
除了以上幾大類之外,還有“活動(dòng)類”、“團(tuán)隊(duì)角色類”等文章。“活動(dòng)類”文章很多學(xué)校都有要求,題目大多很簡(jiǎn)單,即描述申請(qǐng)者做過(guò)的一項(xiàng)課外活動(dòng),這里就不特別舉例了。但各學(xué)校給出的字?jǐn)?shù)限制,從100字到400字不等。回答這類問(wèn)題,一般需要申請(qǐng)者對(duì)于自己投入的活動(dòng),弄明白以下一些問(wèn)題:為何選擇開展這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)?具體做了些什么?有什么樣的收獲?活動(dòng)經(jīng)歷對(duì)自己有什么影響?
“團(tuán)隊(duì)角色類”文章有的要求申請(qǐng)者寫出自己在所屬的某一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)中擔(dān)任的角色和起到的作用,也有的要求寫出申請(qǐng)者進(jìn)入大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)后,能為即將加入的團(tuán)隊(duì)帶來(lái)什么。回答好這類問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵,在于申請(qǐng)者具有深刻的團(tuán)隊(duì)合作經(jīng)歷,并清楚自己通常在團(tuán)隊(duì)中處于什么樣的位置,以及通過(guò)何種方式與團(tuán)隊(duì)成員互動(dòng)以達(dá)成團(tuán)隊(duì)目標(biāo)。
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自己選擇留學(xué)中介,可能遇到以下問(wèn)題:
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