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時間：2016-07-26
來源：留學(xué)監(jiān)理網(wǎng)
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這幾日，希拉里承諾STEM專業(yè)研究生畢業(yè)將自動獲綠卡的消息在廣大美國留學(xué)生圈里炸開了鍋，各種解讀各種分析，真是越刷越燃，那么到底這事靠不靠譜呢？希拉里阿姨的承諾到底能不能兌現(xiàn)呢？相信大家也看明白了，希拉里當(dāng)選+新的移民法案獲得通過是必要前提。
今天我們不討論這個還不確定的問題，我們討論一下STEM的問題。
什么是STEM?
STEM由科學(xué)(Science)、技術(shù)(Technology)、工程(Engineer)和數(shù)學(xué)(Mathematics)首字母組成，是美國鼓勵學(xué)生主修科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程及數(shù)學(xué)的一項計劃。在美國國土安全局網(wǎng)站上可以查到一個長長的屬于STEM計劃的專業(yè)列表，比如化工、計算機科學(xué)、物理、數(shù)學(xué)、生物科學(xué)和航空航天等理工科。
STEM有什么好處？
對于國際學(xué)生來說，畢業(yè)之后想找工作就要申請OPT(Optional Practical Training)，有了OPT才可以在美國合法實習(xí)、工作，但是OPT都是有一定時間限制的。標準的OPT只有一年時間，也就是說如果畢業(yè)生一年之內(nèi)無法拿到H1B工作簽證，就必須離開美國了。但是STEM專業(yè)的畢業(yè)生可以申請額外17個月的OPT延期(據(jù)傳說新政策將延期增加至了24個月)，也就是說他們將擁有總共29個月的OPT時間用來找工作并申請H1B工作簽證。因此，選擇STEM項目，對于國際學(xué)生在美國找工作來說是莫大的優(yōu)勢！
商科屬于STEM專業(yè)嗎？
傳統(tǒng)商科如金融(金融工程除外)、會計等顯然不是STEM專業(yè)，但是，近年來隨著大數(shù)據(jù)的興起，數(shù)據(jù)分析項目如雨后春筍一般在美國商學(xué)院興起。由于這些項目與數(shù)學(xué)、統(tǒng)計及信息科學(xué)有大量的交叉，因此十分具備成為STEM專業(yè)的資質(zhì)。另有一些學(xué)校商學(xué)院的信息系統(tǒng)管理(Information Management)項目也紛紛增加了數(shù)據(jù)分析的方向。但是，目前來看，擁有STEM標簽的商學(xué)院數(shù)據(jù)分析項目仍然是少數(shù)。
今年三月份，美國國土安全部發(fā)布了有關(guān)于“STEM專業(yè)OPT延期的最終政策”的文件。這份文件已于3月11日，在聯(lián)邦公報網(wǎng)站上公示，于2016年5月10日正式生效！而最值得關(guān)注的，則是STEM專業(yè)OPT延期將從原來的17個月調(diào)整為24個月！加上原來12月的OPT時間，STEM專業(yè)的學(xué)生OPT最終總共時間加起來將為36個月！
下面是美國官方認定的422個STEM專業(yè)，請大家按字母排列進行查詢，一些新被認定的項目可能未被列入表中請諒解。
以下是全部422個STEM專業(yè)列表（按字母誰序排列）
| Acoustics |
| Actuarial Science |
| Aeronautical/Aerospace Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Aeronautics/Aviation/Aerospace Science and Technology, General |
| Aerospace Ground Equipment Technology |
| Aerospace Physiology and Medicine |
| Aerospace, Aeronautical and Astronautical/Space Engineering |
| Agricultural and Horticultural Plant Breeding |
| Agricultural Animal Breeding |
| Agricultural Engineering |
| AgroEcology and Sustainable Agriculture |
| Agronomy and Crop Science |
| Air and Space Operational Art and Science |
| Air and Space Operations Technology |
| Air Science/Airpower Studies |
| Aircraft Armament Systems Technology |
| Algebra and Number Theory |
| Analysis and Functional Analysis |
| Analytical Chemistry |
| Anatomy |
| Animal Behavior and Ethology |
| Animal Genetics |
| Animal Health |
| Animal Nutrition |
| Animal Physiology |
| Animal Sciences, General |
| Animal Sciences, Other |
| AniMATion, InterACTive Technology, Video GrAPhics and SpeCIAl Effects |
| Applied Mathematics, General |
| Applied Mathematics, Other |
| Aquatic Biology/Limnology |
| Archeology |
| Architectural and Building Sciences/Technology |
| Architectural Drafting and Architectural CAD/CADD |
| Architectural Engineering |
| Architectural Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn |
| ArtifiCIAl Intelligence |
| Astronomy |
| Astronomy and Astrophysics, Other |
| Astrophysics |
| Atmospheric Chemistry and Climatology |
| Atmospheric Physics and Dynamics |
| Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, General |
| Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Other |
| Atomic/Molecular Physics |
| AutoMATion Engineer Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Automotive Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn[SITESERVER_PAGE] |
| Behavioral Sciences |
| BioChemical Engineering |
| Biochemistry |
| Biochemistry and Molecular Biology |
| Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Other |
| Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering |
| BioinforMATics |
| Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Other |
| Biological and Physical Sciences |
| BioLogical/BioSystems Engineering |
| Biology TechniCIAn/Biotechnology Laboratory TechniCIAn |
| Biology/Biological Sciences, General |
| BioMathematics, BioinforMATics, and Computational Biology, Other |
| Biomedical Sciences, General |
| Biomedical Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Biometry/Biometrics |
| Biophysics |
| BioPsychology |
| BioStatistics |
| Biotechnology |
| Botany/Plant Biology |
| Botany/Plant Biology, Other |
| Business Statistics |
| CAD/CADD Drafting and/or Design Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Cardiovascular Science |
| Cell Biology and Anatomy |
| Cell Physiology |
| Cell/Cellular and Molecular Biology |
| Cell/Cellular Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Other |
| Cell/Cellular Biology and Histology |
| Ceramic Sciences and Engineering |
| Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering |
| Chemical Engineering |
| Chemical Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Chemical Engineering, Other |
| Chemical Physics |
| Chemical Process Technology |
| Chemical Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Chemistry, General |
| Chemistry, Other |
| Civil Drafting and Civil Engineering CAD/CADD |
| Civil Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Civil Engineering, General |
| Civil Engineering, Other |
| Clinical and Industrial Drug Development |
| Clinical Laboratory Science/Medical Technology/Technologist |
| Cognitive Psychology and Psycholinguistics |
| Cognitive Science |
| Combat Systems Engineering |
| Command & Control (C, CI) Systems and Operations |
| Comparative Psychology |
| Computational and Applied Mathematics |
| Computational Biology |
| Computational Mathematics |
| Computational Science |
| Computer and Information Sciences, General |
| Computer and Information Sciences, Other |
| Computer and InforMATion Systems Security/InforMATion Assurance |
| Computer Engineering Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other |
| Computer Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Computer Engineering, General |
| Computer Engineering, Other |
| Computer Graphics |
| Computer Hardware Engineering |
| Computer Hardware Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Computer Programming, Other |
| Computer Programming, Specific APplications |
| Computer Programming, Vendor/Product Certification |
| Computer Programming/Programmer, General |
| Computer Science |
| Computer Software and Media APplications, Other |
| Computer Software Engineering |
| Computer Software Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Computer Support SpeCIAlist |
| Computer Systems Analysis/Analyst |
| Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications |
| Computer Technology/Computer Systems Technology |
| Computer/Information Technology Services Administration and Management, Other |
| Condensed Matter and MATerials Physics |
| Conservation Biology |
| Construction Engineering |
| Construction Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Cyber/Computer Forensics and Counterterrorism |
| Cyber/Electronic Operations and Warfare |
| Cytotechnology/Cytotechnologist |
| Dairy Science |
| DATa Modeling/Warehousing and DATabase Administration |
| DATa Processing and DATa Processing Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Developmental and Child Psychology |
| Developmental Biology and Embryology |
| Digital Communication and Media/Multimedia |
| Directed Energy Systems |
| Drafting and Design Technology/TechniCIAn, General |
| Drafting/Design Engineering Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other |
| Ecology |
| Ecology and Evolutionary Biology |
| Ecology, Evolution, SysteMATics and Population Biology, Other |
| Econometrics and Quantitative Economics |
| Educational Evaluation and Research |
| Educational Statistics and Research Methods |
| Educational/Instructional Technology |
| Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other |
| Electrical and Electronics Engineering |
| Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering, Other |
| Electrical/Electronics Drafting and Electrical/Electronics CAD/CADD |
| Electromechanical and Instrumentation and Maintenance Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other |
| Electromechanical Engineering |
| Electromechanical Technology/Electromechanical Engineering Technology |
| Elementary Particle Physics |
| Endocrinology |
| Energy Management and Systems Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Engineering Acoustics |
| Engineering Chemistry |
| Engineering Design |
| Engineering Mechanics |
| Engineering Physics/Applied Physics |
| Engineering Science |
| Engineering Technologies and Engineering-Related Fields, Other |
| Engineering Technology, General |
| Engineering, General |
| Engineering, Other |
| Engineering/Industrial Management |
| Engineering-Related Fields, Other |
| Engineering-Related Technologies, Other |
| Entomology |
| Environmental Biology |
| Environmental Chemistry |
| Environmental Control Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other |
| Environmental Engineering Technology/Environmental Technology |
| Environmental Health |
| Environmental Science |
| Environmental Studies |
| Environmental Toxicology |
| Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering |
| Epidemiology |
| Evolutionary Biology |
| Exercise Physiology |
| Experimental Psychology |
| Explosive Ordinance/Bomb Disposal |
| Financial Mathematics |
| Food Science |
| Food Science and Technology, Other |
| Food Technology and Processing |
| Forensic Chemistry |
| Forensic Science and Technology |
| Forest Engineering |
| Forest Sciences and Biology |
| Genetics, General |
| Genetics, Other |
| Genome Sciences/Genomics |
| Geochemistry |
| Geochemistry and Petrology |
| GeogrAPhic InforMATion Science and Cartography |
| GeoLogical and EArth Sciences/Geosciences, Other |
| Geological/Geophysical Engineering |
| Geology/Earth Science, General |
| Geometry/Geometric Analysis |
| GeoPhysics and Seismology |
| Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering |
| Hazardous MATerials InforMATion Systems Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Hazardous MATerials Management and Waste Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Health/Medical Physics |
| Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Horticultural Science |
| Human Biology |
| Human Computer InterACTion |
| Human/Medical Genetics |
| Hydraulics and Fluid Power Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Hydrology and Water Resources Science |
| Immunology |
| Industrial and Physical Pharmacy and Cosmetic Sciences |
| Industrial Engineering |
| Industrial Production Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other |
| Industrial Radiologic Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Industrial Safety Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Industrial Technology/TechniCIAn |
| InforMATics |
| InforMATion Operations/Joint InforMATion Operations |
| Information Science/Studies |
| Information Technology |
| Information Technology Project Management |
| InforMATion/PsychoLogical Warfare and Military Media Relations |
| Inorganic Chemistry |
| Instrumentation Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Integrated Circuit Design |
| Intelligence, Command Control and InforMATion Operations, Other |
| Intelligence, General |
| Joint Command/Task Force (C, CI) Systems |
| Laser and Optical Engineering |
| Laser and Optical Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Livestock Management |
| Low-Observables and Stealth Technology |
| Management Science |
| Management Science and Quantitative Methods, Other |
| Manufacturing Engineering |
| Manufacturing Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Marine Biology and BioLogical OceanogrAPhy |
| Marine Sciences |
| MATerials Chemistry |
| Materials Engineering |
| Materials Science |
| Materials Sciences, Other |
| MATheMATical Biology |
| Mathematical Statistics and Probability |
| Mathematics and Computer Science |
| Mathematics and Statistics |
| Mathematics and Statistics, Other |
| Mathematics, General |
| Mathematics, Other |
| Mechanical Drafting and Mechanical Drafting CAD/CADD |
| Mechanical Engineering |
| Mechanical Engineering Related Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other |
| Mechanical Engineering/Mechanical Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Mechatronics, Robotics, and AutoMATion Engineering |
| Medical Informatics |
| Medical Microbiology and Bacteriology |
| Medical Scientist |
| Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry |
| Metallurgical Engineering |
| Metallurgical Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Meteorology |
| Microbial and Eukaryotic Genetics |
| MicrobioLogical Sciences and Immunology, Other |
| Microbiology and Immunology |
| Microbiology, General |
| Military Applied Sciences, Other |
| Military InforMATion Systems Technology |
| Military Systems and Maintenance Technology, Other |
| Military Technologies and Applied Sciences, Other |
| Mining and Mineral Engineering |
| Mining and Petroleum Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other |
| Mining Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Missile and Space Systems Technology |
| Modeling, Virtual Environments and Simulation |
| Molecular Biochemistry |
| Molecular Biology |
| Molecular Biophysics |
| Molecular Genetics |
| Molecular Medicine |
| Molecular Pharmacology |
| Molecular Physiology |
| Molecular Toxicology |
| Munitions Systems/Ordinance Technology |
| Mycology[SITESERVER_PAGE] |
| Nanotechnology |
| Natural Products Chemistry and Pharmacognosy |
| Natural Resources Conservation and Research, Other |
| Natural Resources/Conservation, General |
| Natural Sciences |
| Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering |
| Naval Science and Operational Studies |
| Network and System Administration/Administrator |
| Neuroanatomy |
| Neurobiology and Anatomy |
| Neurobiology and Behavior |
| Neurobiology and Neurosciences, Other |
| NeuroPharmacology |
| Neuroscience |
| Nuclear and Industrial RadioLogic Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other |
| Nuclear Engineering |
| Nuclear Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Nuclear Physics |
| Nuclear/Nuclear Power Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Nutrition Sciences |
| Occupational Safety and Health Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Ocean Engineering |
| OceanogrAPhy, Chemical and Physical |
| Oncology and Cancer Biology |
| Operational OceanogrAPhy |
| Operations Research |
| Optics/Optical Sciences |
| Organic Chemistry |
| PackAging Science |
| Paleontology |
| PAPer Science and Engineering |
| Parasitology |
| Pathology/Experimental Pathology |
| Personality Psychology |
| Petroleum Engineering |
| Petroleum Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Pharmaceutical Sciences |
| Pharmaceutics and Drug Design |
| PharmacoEconomics/Pharmaceutical Economics |
| Pharmacology |
| Pharmacology and Toxicology |
| Pharmacology and Toxicology, Other |
| Photobiology |
| Physical Chemistry |
| Physical Science Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other |
| Physical Sciences |
| Physical Sciences, Other |
| Physics, General |
| Physics, Other |
| Physiological Psychology/Psychobiology |
| Physiology, General |
| Physiology, Pathology, and Related Sciences, Other |
| Planetary Astronomy and Science |
| Plant Genetics |
| Plant Molecular Biology |
| Plant Pathology/Phytopathology |
| Plant Physiology |
| Plant Protection and Integrated Pest Management |
| Plant Sciences, General |
| Plant Sciences, Other |
| Plasma and High-Temperature Physics |
| Plastics and Polymer Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Polymer Chemistry |
| Polymer/Plastics Engineering |
| Population Biology |
| Poultry Science |
| Pre-Engineering |
| Psychometrics and Quantitative Psychology |
| PsychoPharmacology |
| Quality Control and Safety Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other |
| Quality Control Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Radar Communications and Systems Technology |
| Radiation Biology/Radiobiology |
| Range Science and Management |
| Reproductive Biology |
| Research and Experimental Psychology, Other |
| Robotics Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Science Technologies/TechniCIAns, General |
| Science Technologies/TechniCIAns, Other |
| Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology |
| Signal/Geospatial Intelligence |
| Social Psychology |
| Soil Chemistry and Physics |
| Soil Microbiology |
| Soil Science and Agronomy, General |
| Soil Sciences, Other |
| Solar Energy Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Space Systems Operations |
| Statistics, General |
| Statistics, Other |
| Strategic Intelligence |
| Structural Biology |
| Structural Engineering |
| Surveying Engineering |
| Surveying Technology/Surveying |
| Sustainability Studies |
| System, Networking, and LAN/WAN Management/Manager |
| SysteMATic Biology/BioLogical SysteMATics |
| Systems Engineering |
| Systems Science and Theory |
| TeleCommunications Engineering |
| Telecommunications Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Textile Sciences and Engineering |
| Theoretical and Mathematical Physics |
| Theoretical Chemistry |
| Topology and FounDATions |
| Toxicology |
| Transportation and Highway Engineering |
| Undersea Warfare |
| Urban Forestry |
| Veterinary Anatomy |
| Veterinary Infectious Diseases |
| Veterinary Microbiology and Immunobiology |
| Veterinary Pathology and Pathobiology |
| Veterinary Physiology |
| Veterinary Preventive medicine Epidemiology and Public Health |
| Veterinary Toxicology and Pharmacology |
| Virology |
| Vision Science/PhysioLogical Optics |
| Water Quality and Wastewater Treatment Management and Recycling Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Water Resources Engineering |
| Water, Wetlands, and Marine Resources Management |
| Web Page, Digital/Multimedia and InforMATion Resources Design |
| Web/Multimedia Management and Webmaster |
| Welding Engineering Technology/TechniCIAn |
| Wildlife Biology |
| Wildlife, Fish and Wildlands Science and Management |
| Wood Science and Wood Products/Pulp and PAPer Technology |
| Zoology/Animal Biology |
Zoology/Animal Biology, Other |
好吧，我們先期待希拉里阿姨能夠順利當(dāng)選吧，提醒大家：2016年美利堅合眾國總統(tǒng)選舉將于2016年11月08日星期二舉行，大家敬請期待吧。
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