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時(shí)間:2017-04-11
來源:留學(xué)監(jiān)理網(wǎng)
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美國作為世界上先進(jìn)的發(fā)達(dá)國家之一,從龐大的華爾街到世界經(jīng)濟(jì)體系中的地位,可以說美國經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)堪稱西方經(jīng)濟(jì)的經(jīng)典之一。去美國讀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué),去研究世界各種經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系,一直都是很多學(xué)子的夢(mèng)想,那該要如何申請(qǐng)美國大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)呢?美國經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)有什么申請(qǐng)要求呢?為此,留學(xué)監(jiān)理網(wǎng)的老師們幫同學(xué)們總結(jié)分析美國留學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)申請(qǐng)指南。
一、美國經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)介紹
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)是研究人類社會(huì)在各個(gè)發(fā)展階段上的各種經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)和各種相應(yīng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系,其運(yùn)行、發(fā)展的規(guī)律,及如何將有限或者稀缺資源進(jìn)行合理配置的社會(huì)科學(xué)。西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教授,將經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)涵蓋為“Model”,將經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的已有經(jīng)驗(yàn)和歷史事件建立在模型上,通過Model進(jìn)行各種經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象的解釋以及如何合理的運(yùn)用有效資源去滿足無限的需求。
一般來說,美國經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)有以下四個(gè)方向:
1、Microeconomics-微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué):主要研究單個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)單位,即生產(chǎn)者(廠商)、消費(fèi)者的經(jīng)濟(jì)行為,包括供求價(jià)格平衡理論、消費(fèi)者行為理論,在不同市場(chǎng)類型下廠商成本分析與產(chǎn)量、價(jià)格決定理論、生產(chǎn)要素收入決定即分配理論等等。
2、Macroeconmics-宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué):以整個(gè)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)為視野,以經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)總過程為對(duì)象,考察國民收入、物價(jià)水平等總量的決定和波動(dòng)。其中,經(jīng)濟(jì)增長理論和經(jīng)濟(jì)波動(dòng)(經(jīng)濟(jì)周期)理論又是宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)的兩個(gè)獨(dú)立分支。
3、Labor Economis-勞動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué):隨著勞資雇傭關(guān)系的發(fā)展而發(fā)展,主要是研究勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng),勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的供方是emloyee,需方式employer.勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的運(yùn)作就是靠雇傭者employee和雇傭者employer互動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
4、International Economics-國際經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué):與其他經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)科不同,國際經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)是一門獨(dú)特的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)科,它是以各國的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)以及國際關(guān)系為研究對(duì)象,研究國際范圍內(nèi)資源的最優(yōu)配置以及國際關(guān)系對(duì)資源配置的影響。國際經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)包括圍觀和宏觀兩部分:微觀部分又稱國際貿(mào)易部分,在研究方法上使用的是微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)分析的基本工具等等,屬于實(shí)物層面的研究;宏觀部分又稱國際金融部分,在研究方法上主要使用宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)分析的工具等等,屬于貨幣層面的研究,因此國際金融理論又稱為開放經(jīng)濟(jì)的宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)(open economy)或國際貨幣經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)(international monetary economics).
5、Econometrics-計(jì)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué):用數(shù)學(xué)推導(dǎo)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論,以經(jīng)濟(jì)理論為指導(dǎo),以事實(shí)為依據(jù),以數(shù)學(xué)和統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)位方法,以電腦技術(shù)為工具,對(duì)具有隨機(jī)性特征的經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系與經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)數(shù)量規(guī)律進(jìn)行研究,并建立和應(yīng)用經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)量模型為核心的一門經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)科。
6、Development Economics-發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué):研究人類社會(huì)各個(gè)歷史時(shí)期、不同國家或地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系發(fā)展演變的具體過程以及特殊規(guī)律的學(xué)科。它為總結(jié)歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)和預(yù)見未來社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)提供依據(jù),也為研究各個(gè)歷史時(shí)期形成的經(jīng)濟(jì)思想、學(xué)說、政策提供歷史背景。
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)一般會(huì)下設(shè)在文理學(xué)院,商學(xué)院,農(nóng)學(xué)院(康奈爾大學(xué))下面,經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)六個(gè)專業(yè)方向研究熱度大致可分為如下三個(gè)層次:最受歡迎的是International Economics,其次是Development Economics和Macroeconmics,可以說這個(gè)三個(gè)方向的發(fā)展對(duì)中國經(jīng)濟(jì)未來有著很多的影響作用,相對(duì)比較冷的有Econometrics、Labor Economis、Microeconomics;留學(xué)監(jiān)理網(wǎng)的小編溫馨提示同學(xué)們,經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)分支下的三個(gè)熱門專業(yè)方向,在美國大學(xué)TOP20中開設(shè)的比例較大,比如哥倫比亞大學(xué)、康奈爾大學(xué)等等。
二、美國經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)申請(qǐng)要求
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)主要是以抽象的理論、數(shù)據(jù)分析為主,因此想要申請(qǐng)美國經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè),數(shù)學(xué)一定要好,當(dāng)然標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化成績GPA、TOEFL、GRE成績自然要求不會(huì)低。但就像前面說的,正是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)偏理論研究,所以,對(duì)工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)要求不大,但在錄取學(xué)生的時(shí)候,會(huì)傾向純理科背景的學(xué)生,比如數(shù)學(xué)、物理或統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)等專業(yè)大學(xué)生。
所有學(xué)校都接受GRE成績,且不能低于80%,托福至少要85分以上,部分學(xué)校要求單項(xiàng)不能低于24分,GPA不能低于3.0+,另外,一些美國大學(xué)要求申請(qǐng)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生在本科階段學(xué)習(xí)過微積分,線性代數(shù),統(tǒng)計(jì),計(jì)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué),宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)等課程,具體詳細(xì)情況,可以在線咨詢留學(xué)監(jiān)理網(wǎng)的監(jiān)理老師。
申請(qǐng)建議:
由于申請(qǐng)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的本科背景沒有嚴(yán)格的要求,所以,申請(qǐng)的人群范圍比較廣,但對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)要求較為嚴(yán)格,對(duì)于理科學(xué)生,有數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ),在申請(qǐng)上更有優(yōu)勢(shì),故可以申請(qǐng)MA in Economics下的Financial Economics方向,不建議文科申請(qǐng),如果文科生即便申請(qǐng)下來,也一定要到學(xué)校專業(yè)下看清課程設(shè)置,自己是否有耐心能順利的讀完,詳情可以在線咨詢監(jiān)理老師。
三、美國經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院校推薦與排名
2017年USNEWS美國大學(xué)排名:經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)
排名 | 學(xué)校 | 得分 | |
---|---|---|---|
#1 | Harvard University | Cambridge, MA | 5.0 |
#1 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | Cambridge, MA | 5.0 |
#1 | Princeton University | Princeton, NJ | 5.0 |
#1 | Stanford University | Stanford, CA | 5.0 |
#1 | University of California—Berkeley | Berkeley, CA | 5.0 |
#1 | Yale University | New Haven, CT | 5.0 |
#7 | Northwestern University | Evanston, IL | 4.9 |
#7 | University of Chicago | Chicago, IL | 4.9 |
#9 | Columbia University | New York, NY | 4.8 |
#10 | University of Pennsylvania | Philadelphia, PA | 4.7 |
#11 | New York University | New York, NY | 4.5 |
#12 | University of California—Los Angeles | Los Angeles, CA | 4.4 |
#12 | University of California—San Diego | La Jolla, CA | 4.4 |
#12 | University of Michigan—Ann Arbor | Ann Arbor, MI | 4.4 |
#12 | University of Wisconsin—Madison | Madison, WI | 4.4 |
#16 | Cornell University | Ithaca, NY | 4.3 |
#16 | Duke University | Durham, NC | 4.3 |
#16 | University of Minnesota—Twin Cis | Minneapolis, MN | 4.3 |
#19 | Brown University | Providence, RI | 4.1 |
#20 | Carnegie Mellon University (Tepper) | Pittsburgh, PA | 4.0 |
#21 | University of Maryland—College Park | College Park, MD | 3.9 |
#21 | University of Rochester | Rochester, NY | 3.9 |
#23 | Boston University | Boston, MA | 3.8 |
#23 | Johns Hopkins University | Baltimore, MD | 3.8 |
#25 | Boston College | Chestnut Hill, MA | 3.7 |
Rank | School name | Score | |
#25 | Pennsylvania State University—University Park | University Park, PA | 3.7 |
#27 | University of Texas—Austin | Austin, TX | 3.6 |
#27 | Washington University in St. Louis | St. Louis, MO | 3.6 |
#29 | Michigan State University | East Lansing, MI | 3.5 |
#29 | Ohio State University | Columbus, OH | 3.5 |
#29 | University of California—Davis | Davis, CA | 3.5 |
#29 | University of Illinois—Urbana-Champaign | Urbana, IL | 3.5 |
#29 | University of North Carolina—Chapel Hill | Chapel Hill, NC | 3.5 |
#29 | University of Virginia | Charlottesville, VA | 3.5 |
#35 | University of Washington | Seattle, WA | 3.4 |
#35 | Vanderbilt University | Nashville, TN | 3.4 |
#37 | University of California—Santa Barbara | Santa Barbara, CA | 3.3 |
#37 | University of Southern California | Los Angeles, CA | 3.3 |
#39 | Indiana University—Bloomington | Bloomington, IN | 3.2 |
#39 | Texas A&M University—College Station | College Station, TX | 3.2 |
#39 | University of Pittsburgh | Pittsburgh, PA | 3.2 |
#42 | Arizona State University | Tempe, AZ | 3.1 |
#42 | Purdue University—West Lafayette (Krannert) | West Lafayette, IN | 3.1 |
#42 | Rice University | Houston, TX | 3.1 |
#42 | University of Arizona | Tucson, AZ | 3.1 |
#42 | University of Iowa (Tippie) | Iowa City, IA | 3.1 |
#47 | Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey—New Brunswick | New Brunswick, NJ | 3.0 |
#47 | University of California—Irvine | Irvine, CA | 3.0 |
#47 | University of Notre Dame | Notre Dame, IN | 3.0 |
#50 | Georgetown University | Washington, DC | 2.9 |
#50 | Syracuse University | Syracuse, NY | 2.9 |
#50 | University of Colorado—Boulder | Boulder, CO | 2.9 |
#53 | Iowa State University | Ames, IA | 2.8 |
#53 | University of California—Santa Cruz | Santa Cruz, CA | 2.8 |
#55 | North Carolina State University—Raleigh | Raleigh, NC | 2.7 |
#55 | Southern Methodist University | Dallas, TX | 2.7 |
#55 | University of Florida | Gainesville, FL | 2.7 |
#55 | University of Georgia (Terry) | Athens, GA | 2.7 |
#59 | Florida State University | Tallahassee, FL | 2.6 |
#59 | Georgia State University | Atlanta, GA | 2.6 |
#59 | University of Oregon | Eugene, OR | 2.6 |
#59 | Virginia Tech | Blacksburg, VA | 2.6 |
#63 | Emory University | Atlanta, GA | 2.5 |
#63 | George Washington University | Washington, DC | 2.5 |
#63 | Stony Brook University—SUNY | Stony Brook, NY | 2.5 |
#63 | University of California—Riverside | Riverside, CA | 2.5 |
#63 | University of Missouri | Columbia, MO | 2.5 |
#68 | CUNY Graduate School and University Center | New York, NY | 2.4 |
#68 | University of Illinois—Chicago | Chicago, IL | 2.4 |
#68 | University of Kentucky (Gatton) | Lexington, KY | 2.4 |
#68 | University of Wyoming | Laramie, WY | 2.4 |
#72 | Binghamton University—SUNY | Binghamton, NY | 2.3 |
#72 | Brandeis University | Waltham, MA | 2.3 |
#72 | Clemson University (Walker) | Clemson, SC | 2.3 |
#72 | Tulane University | New Orleans, LA | 2.3 |
#72 | University of Kansas | Lawrence, KS | 2.3 |
#72 | University of Tennessee—Knoxville | Knoxville, TN | 2.3 |
#78 | George Mason University | Fairfax, VA | 2.2 |
#78 | Louisiana State University—Baton Rouge | Baton Rouge, LA | 2.2 |
#78 | University of Connecticut | Storrs, CT | 2.2 |
#78 | University of Houston | Houston, TX | 2.2 |
#78 | Washington State University | Pullman, WA | 2.2 |
#83 | University of Miami | Coral Gables, FL | 2.1 |
#83 | University of Nebraska—Lincoln | Lincoln, NE | 2.1 |
#83 | University of South Carolina | Columbia, SC | 2.1 |
#83 | University of Texas—Dallas | Richardson, TX | 2.1 |
#83 | University of Utah | Salt Lake City, UT | 2.1 |
#83 | University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee | Milwaukee, WI | 2.1 |
#83 | West Virginia University | Morgantown, WV | 2.1 |
#90 | Claremont Graduate University | Claremont, CA | 2.0 |
#90 | Northeastern University | Boston, MA | 2.0 |
#90 | Oregon State University | Corvallis, OR | 2.0 |
#90 | University at Albany—SUNY | Albany, NY | 2.0 |
#90 | University at Buffalo—SUNY | Buffalo, NY | 2.0 |
#90 | University of Alabama | Tuscaloosa, AL | 2.0 |
#90 | University of Oklahoma | Norman, OK | 2.0 |
RNP | American University | Washington, DC | N/A |
四、美國經(jīng)濟(jì)專業(yè)的發(fā)展走向與收入
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)領(lǐng)域是一個(gè)高大上的領(lǐng)域,畢業(yè)后工作前景不錯(cuò)。不太懂經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)的人,貌似以為Economics是虛幻縹緲的,但殊不知生活中的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴都離不開經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的應(yīng)用,是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)作用后的結(jié)果。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)的畢業(yè)方向分為以下幾種:
1.繼續(xù)攻讀博士PHD:對(duì)未來的經(jīng)濟(jì),做更深入的研究,例如杜克大學(xué)近6年的畢業(yè)生就有人進(jìn)入杜克的研究中心Triangle Census Research Data Center等。
2.進(jìn)入金融領(lǐng)域,做數(shù)據(jù)分析類工作,比如投資、咨詢、基金等工作,例如到哥倫比亞中央銀行、花旗銀行、德國銀行等等工作;
3.進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)的咨詢公司,做第三方的咨詢分析工作;
4.進(jìn)入教育領(lǐng)域,回國或留校任教,有的進(jìn)入大學(xué)、有的進(jìn)入高中教學(xué),杜克大學(xué)的畢業(yè)生就有進(jìn)入St. Paul's School教書的先例;
5.進(jìn)入國家公職部門,做國際級(jí)別的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)宏觀分析;
6.進(jìn)入會(huì)計(jì)師事務(wù)所做審計(jì)類和稅務(wù)類工作,運(yùn)用學(xué)校所學(xué)的數(shù)據(jù)分析工具,對(duì)審計(jì)以及會(huì)計(jì)類工作進(jìn)行細(xì)致的分析;
美國經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的畢業(yè)薪資
Early Career Median Pay: $36,500
Mid-Career Median Pay: $76,500
Percent High Job Meaning: 41%
Marketing director ($150,000), economist ($107,000), senior financial analyst ($104,000)
上面的薪資范圍為平均薪資范圍,針對(duì)上面六種不同的就業(yè)方向,不同的畢業(yè)方向,有不同的薪資待遇,詳情同學(xué)們可以詢咨監(jiān)理老師,他們會(huì)根據(jù)你選的專業(yè)方向以及你的個(gè)人興趣,為你推薦適合的就業(yè)方向,從而了解更加確定薪資范圍。
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