雅思課外閱讀：雙語科學(xué)篇之呼吸系統(tǒng)

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Respiratory System

呼吸系統(tǒng)

The respiratory system of the human body is responsible for the distribution of the air inhaled and exhaled throughout a person's life. The respiratory system includes the nose, throat, voice box, wind pipe, and lungs.

人體的呼吸系統(tǒng)負(fù)責(zé)人一生吸入和呼出空氣的氣體交換。呼吸系統(tǒng)包括鼻、喉嚨、喉頭、氣管和肺。

Each time a person inhales, or breathes in air, several kinds of gases enter the body. The most important is oxygen because it keeps a person alive, and the cells of the body need it for energy and growth. The air enters through the nose and mouth and the lungs fill up and then empty out. When the air is inhaled there are tiny hairs in the nose called cilia that filter the air. The air is also warmed and moistened as it travels through the nose. Cilia also protects other parts of the respiratory passages, filtering out dust and other particles.

每次人體吸入空氣，會(huì)有幾種氣體的進(jìn)入人體。最重要的是氧氣，因?yàn)樗侨说纳嫘枰鯕?，并且人體細(xì)胞需要氧氣用于制造能量和生長(zhǎng)。空氣通過鼻子和嘴進(jìn)入，填滿肺部，然后排空。當(dāng)空氣被吸入時(shí)，鼻子內(nèi)的纖毛過濾空氣。鼻腔同樣也溫潤(rùn)了吸入的空氣。而且鼻毛還過濾掉了吸入的灰塵和其他顆粒。

The inhaled air travels through the windpipe, which is called the trachea. The human body contains two lungs. The lungs are pink, mushy, and like a sponge. The lungs are protected by the rib cage and keeps them protected and safe. The lung on the left side of the body is smaller than the right lung, which allows room for a person's heart. Beneath the lungs is a muscle called the diaphragm. It works with the lungs to allow a person to inhale and exhale. When a person breathes in the diaphragm shrinks and levels out as the lungs fill up with air.

吸入的空氣穿過氣管。人體有兩葉肺。肺是粉紅色的糊狀體，像海綿一樣。肺部由肋籠保護(hù)。人體左側(cè)的肺比右肺更小，因?yàn)樽髠?cè)的心臟同樣需要空間。肺的下部是膈肌。它與肺部協(xié)同工作使人體進(jìn)行吸氣和呼氣。當(dāng)一個(gè)人的吸氣，膈肌收縮，肺部充滿空氣。

The end of the trachea is located between the two lungs. At the bottom of the trachea are a couple of large tubes called bronchi. The bronchi lead into the lungs. One tube sends air into the left lung, and the other tube sends air into the right lung.

氣管的尾部在兩肺之間。在氣管的底部有幾個(gè)大的管道成為支氣管。支氣管與肺部直接相連。一個(gè)支氣管使空氣進(jìn)入左肺和另一支氣管使空氣進(jìn)入右肺。

Once the air travels through the bronchi, it will branch off into smaller tubes called bronchioles. The bronchioles are about the thickness of a hair, and there are about 30,000 in each lung. From the bronchioles the air then continues its journey to tiny air sacs located throughout the lungs. The tiny air sacs are called alveoli.

空氣進(jìn)入支氣管后，它將岔開成更小的細(xì)支氣管。細(xì)支氣管約為與頭發(fā)粗細(xì)相當(dāng)，每個(gè)肺約有30,000個(gè)細(xì)支氣管。進(jìn)入細(xì)支氣管空氣再繼續(xù)穿過遍布肺部的微小氣囊。而微小氣囊被稱為肺泡。

The 600 million alveoli are covered with very tiny blood vessels called capillaries. It is in this area of the lungs between the alveoli and capillaries the exchange of air takes place. Alveoli allow the air to pass into the blood cells of the body, first traveling through the heart carried by red blood cells. The oxygen enters the blood through the tiny capillaries. The heart then takes the blood filled with oxygen and sends it out to all the cells of the body.

6億個(gè)肺泡上都覆蓋著非常微小的血管稱為毛細(xì)血管。肺泡與肺泡之間以及毛細(xì)血管之間發(fā)生的便是肺部的空氣交換。肺泡讓空氣進(jìn)入人體血細(xì)胞，首先就是通過紅血細(xì)胞將空氣運(yùn)送到心臟。氧氣通過毛細(xì)血管進(jìn)入血液。然后心臟吸收充滿氧氣的血液并將其運(yùn)輸?shù)降缴眢w的所有細(xì)胞中。

When a person exhales or breathes out everything will happen in reverse. The diaphragm relaxes and the lungs become smaller. The cells in the body have received the oxygen it needs, but carbon dioxide must leave the body. This time, wastes enter the alveoli through the capillaries, back through the bronchioles and bronchi, and then the trachea and out through the nose and mouth. The air is warm because it heats up as it travels through the body.

當(dāng)一個(gè)人呼氣或吐氣則一切相反。隔膜松弛，肺部變小。體內(nèi)的細(xì)胞已接收其所需的氧氣，但二氧化碳必須排出身體。此時(shí)，廢物通過毛細(xì)血管進(jìn)入肺泡，并回到細(xì)支氣管和支氣管，然后通過氣管、鼻子和嘴排除。呼出的空氣因?yàn)榇┻^體內(nèi)而變得溫暖。

Finally, the lungs are also important for talking. The larynx is located above the trachea, which is often called the voice box. Vocal cords across the larynx open and close, and then vibrate, to create the sounds as air flows between them. The amount of air exhaled determines the loudness of a sound.

最后，肺部對(duì)于發(fā)聲也很重要。喉位于氣管，這一部分也被稱為喉頭。喉頭的開合以及聲帶的振動(dòng)使得其間的空氣以及人體發(fā)聲。呼出的空氣的量決定了聲音的響度。

In summary, there are many parts of the respiratory system working together to distribute oxygen throughout the body, as well as the lungs being necessary for a person's ability to talk. It is important to keep the lungs healthy and strong.

呼吸系統(tǒng)是許多器官協(xié)同作用將氧氣分散到身體的各個(gè)部分，而肺也是一個(gè)人發(fā)聲的重要器官。保證肺部的健康和強(qiáng)大是非常重要的。

以上就是“雅思課外閱讀：雙語科學(xué)篇之呼吸系統(tǒng)”的內(nèi)容，最后，預(yù)祝大家考試順利！

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