如何用雅思閱讀來提高寫作

為了幫助大家更好地備戰(zhàn)雅思考試，今天就給大家?guī)硪恍┬∽魑牡膶I(yè)表達(dá)，對于小作文的寫法有較好的了解。同時就大作文而言，所選的4篇閱讀文章與寫作題目的相關(guān)性應(yīng)該能夠讓大家明白精讀不僅對于提高閱讀本身有幫助，同時對于寫作也會有所提升。同學(xué)們可以多關(guān)注一下閱讀文章，應(yīng)該會有所啟發(fā)，下面請看：如何用雅思閱讀來提高寫作的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容。

（一）TASK 1

A: 數(shù)據(jù)性圖表

（1）百分比的直接描述---摘自于C4T1 Reading Passage1

1.    The commonest response were continents or countries: Africa (given by 43% of children), South Africa(30%), Brazil (25%).---括號帶入百分比，比較直觀及簡單

2.    The dominant idea, raised by 64% of the pupils, was that the rainforests provide animals with habitats.---百分比作為插入語部分放在句中，體現(xiàn)語法的高級性

3.    About 18% of the pupils referred specifically to logging activity.---百分比放句首

4.    Only a few of the pupils(6%) mentioned that rainforest destruction may contribute to global warming.---6%與a few of的歸類表述

5.    Two fifths of the students provide the information that the rainforest provide oxygen.---分?jǐn)?shù)與百分比之間的同義轉(zhuǎn)換

（2）數(shù)據(jù)間的對比與比較---摘自于C4T2 Reading Passage2---Alternative medicine in Australia

1.     12% suffer from digestive problems, which is only 1% more than those suffering from emotional problems.---定語從句比較數(shù)據(jù)

2.     Those suffering from respiratory complaints represent 7% of their patients, and candida sufferers represent an equal percentage.---用equal來體現(xiàn)相等數(shù)據(jù)的表述

3.     Headache sufferers and those complaining of general ill health represent 6% and 5% of the patients respectively.---用respectively來引出2個接近數(shù)據(jù)

實戰(zhàn)演練：

2015.04.25

The bar chart compares the changes in the places where people used to surf on the internet in the years 1998, 2000, 2002 and 2004 in the UK.

參考寫法：

（1）百分比的直接描述

a.    括號帶入百分比---In 1998, library was the place where fewest people used to surf the Internet(13%)

b.    百分比作為插入語放句中---Library, attracting only 13% of people, was the least favorable place to surf the Internet.

c.    百分比放句首---Nearly 13% of people chose to surf the Internet in the library.

（2）百分比之間的對比

In 2000, about 48% of people surfed the internet at home, which was 10% more than those at work.---定語從句比較數(shù)據(jù)

In 2000, those surfing the internet in college and in the library represented 20% and 18%, respectively.---用respectively來引出2個接近數(shù)據(jù)

（3）趨勢的寫法---摘自于C4T4 Reading Passage 3---The problem of scarce resources

Thus in OECD countries as a whole, health costs increased from 3.8% of GDP in1960 to 7% of GDP in 1980, andit has been predicted that（將來時的表述） the proportion of health costs to GDP will continue to increase.

實戰(zhàn)演練：

2015.01.30

The chart below shows the percentage of the whole world population in four countries from 1950-2002, with projections to 2050.

參考寫法：In India, the percentage of population increased from 15% in1950 to 18% in 2002, and it has been predicted that the proportion will continue to rise to 23% in 2050.

B: 非數(shù)據(jù)類圖表

在閱讀文章中，地圖題的相關(guān)語言表述基本不常見，但是流程圖的相關(guān)語言特色還是有一定反饋的。

摘自于Bakelite-the birth of modern plastics

這篇閱讀的第5段就是一個很典型的流程圖的寫法，可以從里面學(xué)到相關(guān)詞匯及句型。例如：

1.    The original patent outlined a three-stage process, in which…were initially combined---可以用于開頭段的書寫

2.    …was allowed to cool until it hardened, and then broken upand ground into powder（冷卻，打碎及碾壓的表達(dá)）

3.    Other substances were then introduced: including…（加入新事物的表達(dá)）

4.    In the last stage, the heated bakelitewas poured into a hollow mold of the required shape and subjected to extreme heatand pressure.（倒進(jìn)去，模具塑形及加熱的表達(dá)）

實戰(zhàn)演練：

2006年9月A類玻璃瓶回收

參考寫法：

開頭：The glass bottle recycling outlines a three-step process, in which bottles used by customers are initially gathered.

塑形過程：Then, the liquid, with additional one, is poured into the glass mold of the required shape to produce new bottles.

（二）TASK 2 

雅思大作文，比起小作文來講，更難以得到高分。不光其對于詞匯和句式有著更高的要求，更是由于它文體的特殊性，需要考生提出自己的看法?？紤]到大部分考生還是處在學(xué)習(xí)階段，人生歷練比較少，觀點的產(chǎn)出既要切題又要質(zhì)量高是很困難的一件事。鑒于此，筆者在這里給大家簡要的分析一下雅思閱讀與寫作之間的那些千絲萬縷的關(guān)系。

學(xué)過雅思寫作的同學(xué)都知道，雅思大作文基本都是從幾大?？荚掝}中抽取的，比如?？嫉挠薪逃悾萍碱?，環(huán)境類及社會類等。筆者將列舉幾篇典型的閱讀文章告訴你它背后隱藏的寫作的故事。 

（1）閱讀文章：Lost for words

匹配的相關(guān)寫作題目：

Some people think governments should spend money on measures to save languages with few speakers from dying out completely. Others think this is a waste of financial resources. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.（2011.03.15語言類）

分析：語言類作文一直是考生比較頭疼的，主要是由于對于這方面素材積累得比較少，無話可說。因此，要想寫好這一篇作文，背景知識的了解以及知道如何保護(hù)語言還是很重要的，然而在lost for words這篇閱讀中就能找到相關(guān)信息。

Background:

Navajo is considered endangered despite having 150,000 speakers. Street signs, supermarket goods and even their own newspaper are all in English. Not surprisingly, linguists doubt that any native speakers of Navajo will remain in a hundred years’ time.

（此段可以用于寫作開頭段的背景導(dǎo)入或正文段的論證，用Navajo作為例子，是較好的舉例論證手法。當(dāng)然考生在備考期間可以查詢和Navajo類似的瀕危語言，學(xué)習(xí)本段的論證手法。）

Reasons for languages dying out:

1. The critically endangered languages are those that are only spoken by the elderly.

2. The deadliest weapon is not government policy but economic globalization.

（語言瀕危的原因，可以作為切入點去想相關(guān)措施）

Ways to protect:

1. Class for children have showed the erosion of Maori and rekindled interest in the language.

2.“Apprentice” programs have provided life support to several indigenous languages.

3. The mere possibility of revival has led many speakers of endangered languages to develop systems of writing where none existed before.

（此3點可作為正文Body1段的參考觀點，比較新穎，值得大家借鑒，如果能體現(xiàn)在作文中，必能吸引考官的眼球）

（2）閱讀文章：How much higher? How much faster?

匹配的相關(guān)寫作題目：

It is generally believed that some people are born with certain talents, for instance for sport or music, and others are not. However, it is sometimes claimed that any child can be taught to become a good sports person or musician. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.（劍7 Test1）

分析：此篇寫作題目從屬于教育類范疇，考察的是天生與后天之間的關(guān)系，寫作難點就是對于例子的把握。

Background:

At the 1908 Olympic, John Hayes of the US team ran a marathon in a time of 2:55:18. In 1999, Marocco’s Khalid Khannouchi set a new world record of 2:05:42, almost thirty percent faster.

（開頭可以使用類似對比的方式來討論先天與后天哪個improve the performance）

Gene (born with certain talents):

Over the past century, the composition of the human gene pool has not changed appreciably, but with increasing global participation in athletics,--and greater rewards to tempt athletes--it is more likely that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified earlier.

（Body1的參考論證來體現(xiàn)出基因?qū)τ谶\(yùn)動員的好處）

閱讀中的同義替換：Genetically talented individuals/running on their genetics

Training (be taught to become a good sports person or musician):

Focused training will also play a role in enabling records to be broken. If we applied the Russian training models to some of the outstanding runners we have in this country, they would be breaking records left and right.

（Body2的參考論證來體現(xiàn)出運(yùn)動的重要性，典型的舉例論證。考生可能對于Russian training model的方式不太熟悉，可以查詢相關(guān)材料，把握其主旨）

（3）閱讀文章：greying population stays in the pink

匹配的相關(guān)寫作題目：

In some countries, the proportion of the elderly people is increasing steadily.Why? Is it a positive or negative development?（熱門的預(yù)測題目）

Background:

The results of a 14-year study to be announced later this month reveal that the diseases associated with old age are afflicting fewer and fewer people and when they do strike, it is much later in life.

（用報告的調(diào)查結(jié)果引出老年人目前的狀況，可用于開頭段）

Contributing factors:

1. Certain diseases are beating a retreat in the face of medical advances.

2. Improvements in childhood nutrition gave today’s elderly people a better start in life than their predecessors.

3. Educated people seek more medical attention.

4. Maintaining a level of daily physical activity may help mental functioning.

（文章給出了4個老年人長壽的原因，可用于回答寫作的第一個問號，而其中第二和第三兩個觀點比較新穎，考生一般都想不到，平時可以做積累）

（4）閱讀文章：the impact of wilderness tourism

匹配的相關(guān)寫作題目：

These days, some developing countries are expanding their tourism industries. What are the reasons of this phenomenon? Is this a positive or negative development?

Positive:

1. Tourism has been the prime source of foreign exchange in Nepal and Bhutan.

2. Tourism is also a key element in the economies of Arctic zones such as Lapland and Alaska and in desert areas such as Ayers Rock in Australia.

（文章提及外幣交換以及促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展是旅游帶來的好處，并且每句話后面都有典型的地點作為例證，顯得非常有說服力）

Negative:

1. In some hill regions, this has led to a serious decline in farm output and a change in the local diet, because there is insufficient labor to maintain terraces and irrigation systems and tend to crops.

2. The physical impact of visitors is another serious problem associated with the growth in adventure tourism. Much attention has focus on erosion along major trails, but perhaps more important are the deforestation and impacts on water supplies.

（文章提及農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量下降，飲食結(jié)構(gòu)改變以及游客的破壞是開發(fā)旅游的隱藏問題。基本上考生對于第二句話會產(chǎn)生一定的共識，但是通過第一句話相信可以給大家一些比較有創(chuàng)意的觀點，博取考官的眼球）

Solutions:

1. Communities in fragile environments must achieve greater control over tourism ventures in the regions.

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