劍13真題聽(tīng)力中英文對(duì)照文本(可免費(fèi)下載mp3!)(一)

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以下是劍橋雅思13真題聽(tīng)力第32期：Test4(section4-2)中英文對(duì)照文本及音頻。

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In the late 1600s, the Yemeni monopoly on coffee production broke down and coffee production started to spread around the world, helped by European colonisation. Europeans set up coffee plantations in Indonesia and the Caribbean and production of coffee in the colonies skyrocketed. Different types of coffee were produced in different areas, and it's interesting that the names given to these different types, like Mocha or Java coffee, were often taken from the port they were shipped to Europe from. But if you look at the labour system in the different colonies, there were some significant differences. In Brazil and the various Caribbean colonies, coffee was grown in huge plantations and the workers there were almost all slaves. But this wasn't the same in all colonies; for example in Java, which had been colonised by the Dutch, the peasants grew coffee and passed a proportion of this on to the Dutch, so it was used as a means of taxation. But whatever system was used, under the European powers of the eighteenth century, coffee production was very closely linked to colonisation. Coffee was grown in ever-increasing quantities to satisfy the growing demand from Europe, and it became nearly as important as sugar production, which was grown under very similar conditions. However, coffee prices were not yet low enough for people to drink it regularly at home, so most coffee consumption still took place in public coffee houses and it still remained something of a luxury item. In Britain, however, a new drink was introduced from China, and started to become popular, gradually taking over from coffee, although at first it was so expensive that only the upper classes could afford it. This was tea, and by the late 1700s it was being widely drunk. However, when the USA gained independence from Britain in 1776. They identified this drink with Britain, and coffee remained the preferred drink in the USA, as it still is today. So, by the early nineteenth century, coffee was already being widely produced and consumed. But during this century, production boomed and coffee prices started to fall. This was partly because new types of transportation had been developed which were cheaper and more efficient. So now, working people could afford to buy coffee -- it wasn't just a drink for the middle classes. And this was at a time when large parts of Europe were starting to work in industries. And sometimes this meant their work didn't stop when it got dark: they might have to continue throughout the night. So, the use of coffee as a stimulant became important -- it wasn't just a drink people drank in the morning, for breakfast. There were also changes in cultivation...

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在17世紀(jì)末，也門(mén)咖啡生產(chǎn)的壟斷被打破，咖啡生產(chǎn)因?yàn)闅W洲的殖民開(kāi)始在全世界蔓延。歐洲人在印度尼西亞和加勒比地區(qū)建立了咖啡種植園，殖民地的咖啡產(chǎn)量激增。不同地區(qū)生產(chǎn)了不同種類(lèi)的咖啡，有趣的是，這些不同種類(lèi)咖啡的名字，比如說(shuō)摩卡咖啡和爪哇咖啡，通常是以它們被運(yùn)去歐洲的那個(gè)港口命名的。但是如果你看一下不同殖民的的勞工系統(tǒng)，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有一些非常重要的區(qū)別。在巴西和許多加勒比殖民地，咖啡生長(zhǎng)在巨大的植物上，工人基本上都是奴隸。但是并不是所有的殖民地都是這樣的，比如說(shuō)在爪哇，那里是荷蘭殖民地，農(nóng)民生產(chǎn)咖啡，而且把其中的一部分輸送到荷蘭，所以它是用做稅收。但是無(wú)論使用了什么系統(tǒng)，在十八世紀(jì)歐洲的權(quán)力統(tǒng)治下，咖啡生產(chǎn)基本上是和殖民聯(lián)系緊密。咖啡產(chǎn)量持續(xù)增高來(lái)滿(mǎn)足歐洲持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)的要求，而且它基本上成為了和糖同樣重要的東西，而糖的生長(zhǎng)狀況和咖啡差不多。然而，咖啡價(jià)格太高了，不適合人們?cè)诩依锶粘ｏ嬘茫源蠖鄶?shù)咖啡都是在公共咖啡屋消費(fèi)的，所以它還是一種奢侈品。但是在英國(guó)，一種新的飲品從中國(guó)引入，然后開(kāi)始流行起來(lái)，逐漸取代了咖啡的地位，盡管剛開(kāi)始的時(shí)候它的價(jià)格太貴，只有上層階級(jí)才能夠買(mǎi)得起。這就是茶，在18世紀(jì)，它得到廣泛的飲用。然而，當(dāng)美國(guó)1776年從英國(guó)獨(dú)立的時(shí)候，他們把這種飲品和英國(guó)聯(lián)系起來(lái)，咖啡仍然是美國(guó)人最喜歡的飲品，到現(xiàn)在一直是。所以，到十九世紀(jì)早期，咖啡已經(jīng)廣泛生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)。但是在那個(gè)世紀(jì)，生產(chǎn)激增，咖啡價(jià)格開(kāi)始下降。有一部分原因是因?yàn)樾滦徒煌üぞ叩陌l(fā)展，變得越來(lái)越便宜和高效。所以現(xiàn)在，工薪階層開(kāi)始能夠買(mǎi)得起咖啡，它不再只是中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的飲品。當(dāng)時(shí)也是很多英國(guó)人開(kāi)始在工廠(chǎng)工作的時(shí)間。有時(shí)這就意味著他們到天黑工作都不會(huì)停止，他們可能要徹夜工作。所以咖啡作為興奮劑的使用非常重要--它不只是早晨人們作為早餐要喝的東西。在種植方面也有一些變化...

>>>點(diǎn)擊在線(xiàn)試聽(tīng)：

劍橋雅思13真題聽(tīng)力第32期：Test4(section4-2)音頻（部分）.mp3

>>>點(diǎn)擊下載完整音頻：

劍 橋雅 思13真題聽(tīng)力第32期：Test4(section4-2)音頻.mp3

重點(diǎn)單詞:

proportion n. 比例，均衡，部份，(復(fù))體積，規(guī)模

independence n. 獨(dú)立，自主，自立

transportation n. 運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)，運(yùn)輸工具

monopoly n. 壟斷，專(zhuān)利，獨(dú)占，控制

cultivation n. 教化，培養(yǎng)，耕作

identified adj. 被識(shí)別的;經(jīng)鑒定的;被認(rèn)同者 v. 鑒定(identify)

popular adj. 流行的，大眾的，通俗的，受歡迎的

stimulant n. 興奮劑，刺激物，酒精性飲料 adj. 使興奮的，激動(dòng)的

luxury n. 奢侈，豪華，奢侈品

spread v. 伸展，展開(kāi)，傳播，散布，鋪開(kāi)，涂撒

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