2018年9月2日托福考試閱讀預(yù)測機經(jīng)（版本合集?。?/h1>

• 時間：2018-08-28

• 來源：留學(xué)監(jiān)理網(wǎng)

• 分享：

距離2018年9月2日的托?？荚?/a>已經(jīng)不到一周的時間了，不知各位童鞋是否已經(jīng)準備好了。臨考前來看一下各大網(wǎng)站有關(guān)本場考試的預(yù)測機經(jīng)，緩解一下緊張的心情吧！下面是本場考試閱讀預(yù)測機經(jīng)。

{版本1}

Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the human population continues to expand, it will negatively affect one after another of Earth's ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine ecosystems (such as wetlands), the most common problem is habitat destruction. In most situations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and run off of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have unraveled cons of evolution and irrevocably redirected its course.

只有在過去20年里，生物多樣性才被廣泛認為是一個關(guān)鍵的保護問題。熱帶雨林是地球上已知物種多樣性最高的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，它的迅速破壞使人們認識到生物多樣性的重要性和脆弱性。在這些環(huán)境中，物種的高滅絕率令人震驚，但重要的是要認識到生物多樣性在所有生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的重要性。隨著人口的不斷增長，它將對地球的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生一個又一個的負面影響。在陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和邊緣海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)(如濕地)中，最常見的問題是棲息地的破壞。在大多數(shù)情況下，結(jié)果是不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的?，F(xiàn)在，人類開始通過其他類型的活動來破壞海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，比如處理和清除有毒廢物;在不到兩個世紀的時間里，通過大幅減少地球上物種的多樣性，它們解開了進化的弊端，并不可逆轉(zhuǎn)地重新調(diào)整了方向。

Certainly, there have been periods in Earth's history when mass extinctions have occurred. The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic. There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion. Only .01 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out.

當(dāng)然，在地球歷史上也有過物種大滅絕發(fā)生的時期?？铸埖臏缃^是由一些物理事件引起的，無論是氣候事件還是宇宙事件。物種滅絕也沒有那么劇烈，比如物種間的自然競爭得出了極端的結(jié)論。在地球上生存過的物種中，只有0.01%存活到現(xiàn)在，而決定哪些物種存活下來，哪些滅絕的幾率很大。

However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves, that will lead to biological devastation. Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt — time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments.

然而，人類物種正在改變物理和化學(xué)世界并破壞環(huán)境，其規(guī)模和速度是前所未有的。事實上，人們普遍認為，導(dǎo)致生物破壞的是人類造成的變化的速度，甚至超過了人類自身造成的變化。地球上的生命一直在通量緩慢的物理和化學(xué)變化發(fā)生在地球上,但生活需要時間來適應(yīng),遷移時間和遺傳適應(yīng)現(xiàn)有的種類和時間內(nèi)擴散的新的遺傳物質(zhì)和新物種,也許能夠在新的環(huán)境中生存下來。

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1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The causes of the extinction of the dinosaur

(B) The variety of species found in tropical rain forests.

(C) The impact of human activities on Earth's ecosystems

(D) The time required for species to adapt to new environments

2. The word critical in line 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) negative

(B) essential

(C) interesting

(D) complicated

3. The word jolting in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) predicted

(B) shocking

(C) unknown

(D) illuminating

4. The author mentions the reduction of the variety of species on Earth in line 12 to suggest that

(A) new habitats can be created for species

(B) humans are often made ill by polluted water

(C) some species have been made extinct by human activity

(D) an understanding of evolution can prevent certain species from disappearing

5. The author mentions all of the following as examples of the effect of humans oil the world's ecosystems EXCEPT

(A) destruction of the tropical rain forests

(B) habitat destruction in wetlands

(C) damage to marine ecosystems

(D) the introduction of new varieties of plant species

6. The author mentions the extinction of the dinosaurs in the second paragraph to emphasize that

(A) the cause of the dinosaurs extinction is unknown

(B) Earth's climate has changed significantly since the dinosaurs' extinction,

(C) not all mass extinctions have been caused by human activity

(D) actions by humans could not stop the irreversible process of a species' extinction

7. The word magnitude in line 20 is closest in meaning to

(A) concern

(B) determination

(C) carelessness

(D) extent

8. According to the passage , natural evolutionary change is different from changes caused by humans in that changes caused by humans

(A) are occurring at a much faster rate

(B) are less devastating to most species

(C) affect fewer ecosystems

(D) are reversible

9. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?

(A) Human influence on ecosystems should not be a factor in determining public policy.

(B) The extinction of a few species is an acceptable consequence of human progress.

(C) Technology will provide solutions to problems caused by the destruction of ecosystems.

(D) Humans should be more conscious of the influence they have on ecosystems

{版本2}

托福閱讀題目：How did earth’s ocean emerge?

內(nèi)容回憶：

第1段講到如果要了解地球上海洋的起源，需要先了解太陽系是如何形成的。太陽系是dust爆炸之后形成了一個個clump, 比較大的clump 因為重力會吸引那些小一些的行星及其它物質(zhì)。而且重量越大，速度越快。 然后這些較大的clump 就會成為embryo planets.地球就是在這種條件下行成的。一開始假設(shè)地球是cold低溫的，所以urnanium等放射性物質(zhì)揮發(fā)的時候，就會讓水形成并從vocalno中噴發(fā)而出，于是形成了海洋。

第2段講到該理論有些問題。問題之一是就是目前的發(fā)現(xiàn)表明沒有那么多的火山噴發(fā)以形成今天這么廣闊的海洋。第二就是該理論是以一個錯誤的觀點為基礎(chǔ)的。因為根據(jù)太陽系的行成原因，地球不可能以那么溫和緩慢的方式行程，在比較高速的情況下，那么地球一開始的溫度就是高的，而不是cold.

托福閱讀詞匯題：

1.in retrospect=think in reconsideration

2.velocity=speed

3.intense= extreme

4.scenario= a version of events

托福閱讀學(xué)科分類：生物

托福閱讀題目：The origin of flight of birds

內(nèi)容回憶：

第1段說明說明大家比較達成共識的是會A 這種化石應(yīng)該可以提示鳥類的飛行能力是如何起源的，但是具體有兩種理論可以參考。

第2段講到了理論之一是tree-down theory。既起源于樹上。reptile 身上比較長的鱗片會幫助從樹上俯沖向下gliding;越來越長了之后就發(fā)展成了羽毛，并且有助于隔熱和培養(yǎng)出endothermy ，A鳥腳上的grasping feature 就能體現(xiàn)該特征。第3段介紹了ground-up 理論，既一開始是在地上的。先有高體溫幫助power the muscle , 然后發(fā)展出羽毛可以幫助在抓獵物的時候保持平衡，并幫助隔熱。

托福閱讀詞匯題：

1. done many times

2. elaborate=complicated

3. retention = keeping

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