雙語閱讀|BBC榜單之世界上最偉大的10家博物館

BBC經(jīng)常發(fā)布各式各樣的排行榜，這次我們來看的是BBC評(píng)選的世界上最偉大的10家博物館。我們把這份榜單推薦給大家一是希望大家可以用這份榜單來豐富一下歷史和藝術(shù)方面的知識(shí)（畢竟這是大家考試時(shí)候失分的重災(zāi)區(qū)）；二來是希望留學(xué)黨可以游覽一下這些博物館，提升一下自己的文化底蘊(yùn)。讓我們來看看這10家博物館有哪些吧。

1. Musee d’Orsay, France

奧賽美術(shù)館，法國(guó)

Standing on the Left Bank of the Seine, this venerable Paris museum was opened in 1986 in a formerBeaux-Arts railway station and hotel.

這個(gè)古老的巴黎博物館屹立于塞納河左岸，于1986首次開館。其前身是一棟仿古典風(fēng)格的火車站兼酒店。

The layout uses its previous incarnation to full effect – galleries cluster around the grand nave and light streams in through its sweeping glass roof.

博物館的整體布局將其前身——展廳集中在巨大的中殿，陽光通過巨大的玻璃屋頂照射進(jìn)來。

Conceived to bridge the gap between the collections of the Louvre Museum and the Pompidou Centre, it focuses on late 19th and early 20th Century art and houses the world’s largest collection ofimpressionist and post-impressionist paintings.

人們?nèi)藗儼阉?dāng)作盧浮宮博物館和蓬皮杜中心之間的過度點(diǎn)，它側(cè)重于十九晚期和第二十世紀(jì)早期的藝術(shù)，其印象派和后印象派的藏品數(shù)量是世界上最大的。

>>>點(diǎn)擊進(jìn)行雅思考試咨詢

2. National Museum of Art, Osaka

國(guó)立美術(shù)館，大阪

After the original 1970s building was demolished, a new structure designed by César Pelli opened in 2004.

在1970年代的建筑被拆除后，CésaR Pelli與2004年設(shè)計(jì)并建造了這個(gè)新版本。

The majority of the museum – including its art collections – is subterranean, with only the entrancelobby above ground. For maximum wow factor, Pelli’s studio created a towering intertwining glass-and-steel entrance designed to resemble reeds along a riverbank or stalks of bamboo.

博物館的大部分，包括它的藝術(shù)收藏品，都處于地下，只有入口大廳是在地面上的。最讓人眼前一亮的是，Pelli的工作室創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)高聳的纏繞型玻璃鋼入口，形似河岸的蘆葦或竹子的莖干。

3. Guggenheim, Spain

古根海姆博物館，西班牙

The impressive building stands on the edge of the Nervión River in the old industrial heart of of the city, its glass and limestone structure clad in waves of titanium.

這座令人印象深刻的建筑矗立在內(nèi)維翁河畔，這里是這座城市的老工業(yè)區(qū)中心，其玻璃和石灰石構(gòu)成的主體被用一波一波的鈦金屬包裹著。

It was an immediate sensation; among its fans, the architect Philip Johnson hailed it “the greatest building of our time”.

它一建成變立即引起了轟動(dòng)，它的粉絲種包括建筑師Philip Johnson，他稱贊它是“我們時(shí)代最偉大的建筑”。

4. Oscar Niemeyer Museum, Brazil

奧斯卡?尼邁耶博物館，巴西

The museum was opened in 2002-3 and nicknamed ‘the eye’ as it resembles a giant human eyeperched on a yellow pillar.

博物館成立于2002-2003年，它的綽號(hào)是“眼睛”，因?yàn)樗雌饋硐褚粋€(gè)被安放在黃色立柱上的巨大人類眼睛。

The legendary Brazilian architect who designed it (and gave it his name) was a key figure in the modern movement; he was 95 when the building was completed.

設(shè)計(jì)它的是一位傳奇的巴西建筑設(shè)計(jì)師，他為這座建筑冠上了自己的名字，此人在現(xiàn)代主義運(yùn)動(dòng)中是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵人物；當(dāng)建筑完工時(shí)，他已經(jīng)95歲了。

A 2,000 sq-ft museum space houses international art along with many of Niemeyer’s own works.

這個(gè)2000平方英尺的博物館房間里陳列著許多外國(guó)藝術(shù)品，同時(shí)也有很多Niemeyer自己的作品。

>>>點(diǎn)擊進(jìn)行托?？荚囎稍?/a>

5. British Museum, London

大英博物館，倫敦

The architect Robert Smirke designed the core of the museum, which opened in 1852, in the neo-Classical style.

這座博物館于1852年首次開放，建筑師Robert Smirke設(shè)計(jì)了它新古典主義風(fēng)格的核心部分。

The grand south entrance, with its impressive pediment and pillars, drew inspiration from ancient Greece.

南大門有著令人印象深刻的三角墻和立柱，其靈感來源是古希臘。

In 2000, Foster and Partners created a new Great Court, which, with its spectacular glass roof, transformed the museum’s inner courtyard into the largest covered space in Europe.

在2000年，福斯特事務(wù)所創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)新的大中庭，它有著壯觀的玻璃屋頂，這將博物館的內(nèi)院改造成為歐洲最大的室內(nèi)空間。

6. Royal Ontario Museum, Canada

皇家安大略博物館，加拿大

This museum of natural history, art and culture is Canada’s largest, with over six million items in its collection.

這座博物館的展覽門類包括自然歷史、藝術(shù)和文化，它是加拿大最大的一家，擁有著超過六百萬件收藏品。

In addition to its original and 20th Century buildings, Studio Daniel Libeskind’s new entrance design, which opened as the Michael Lee-Chin Crystal in 2007, was described by the museum as “a distinctive new symbol for Toronto for the 21st Century”.

在其原本的20世紀(jì)建筑之外，Daniel Libeskind工作室設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)新入口，在2007年作為Michael Lee-Chin水晶博物館對(duì)外開放，它被博物館方描述為“21世紀(jì)多倫多獨(dú)樹一幟的新標(biāo)志”。

The complex prismatic structure of glass and aluminium on a steel frame has its detractors though – in 2009 it made number 8 on a list of ‘the world’s ugliest buildings’.

不過，也有人批評(píng)這由玻璃和鋁鋼框架組成的復(fù)雜的棱鏡結(jié)構(gòu)，2009年它在“世界最丑建筑榜”上位列第8。

7. Museo Soumaya, Mexico City

索瑪亞博物館，墨西哥城

The private cultural institution was established in 1994 and ranges across two sites – Plaza Loreto and the Plaza Carso in Mexico City.

這家私營(yíng)文化機(jī)構(gòu)成立于1994年，它有兩個(gè)場(chǎng)館，一個(gè)是洛雷托廣場(chǎng)，另一個(gè)是卡勒索廣場(chǎng)，都位于墨西哥城。

The latter, which opened in 2011, was designed by Mexican architect Fernando Romero, engineered with Ove Arup and Frank Gehry.

后者是在2011開館的，它由墨西哥建筑師Fernando Romero設(shè)計(jì)，由Ove Arup和Frank Gehry進(jìn)行工程監(jiān)督。

A 151ft (46m) structure clad in 16,000 hexagonal aluminium tiles, the six-floor museum contains workpredominantly from Mexico and Europe, including the largest collection of Rodin’s works outside of France.

整個(gè)建筑高151英尺（46米），外面包裹著16000塊六邊形鋁磚，這家6層樓的博物館的展品主要來自墨西哥和歐洲，其中羅丹作品的數(shù)量是法國(guó)以外最大的一組。

>>>點(diǎn)擊進(jìn)行留學(xué)咨詢

8. Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg, Russia

冬宮博物館，圣彼得堡，俄羅斯

One of the largest and oldest museums in the world, the Hermitage was opened in 1764 by Empress Catherine the Great and houses over three million pieces of art and cultural artefacts. 

世界上最大、最古老的博物館之一——冬宮，于1764由凱瑟琳大帝在宣布開放，其擁有超過三百萬件藝術(shù)品和文物。

The sprawling state museum complex consists of a number of buildings, including the grand green-and-white Winter Palace, the former home of the Russian Tsars.

這座龐大的國(guó)立博物館由許多棟建筑物組成，包括宏大的綠白相間的冬宮和俄羅斯沙皇以前居住的宮殿。

The colossal palace was designed in the main by Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli in an elaborate Baroque style.

這座巨大宮殿基本上是由Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli設(shè)計(jì)的，其風(fēng)格是精致的巴洛克風(fēng)格。

9. Museum of Islamic Art, Doha

伊斯蘭藝術(shù)博物館，多哈

Opening in the Qatari capital in 2008, this museum was designed by the Pritzker Prize-winning architect IM Pei. At the age of 91, Pei travelled throughout the Arab world for six months collecting inspiration for the project.

這座博物館位于卡塔爾的首都，于2008年首次開館，它是由曾獲得普利策獎(jiǎng)的建筑師貝聿銘設(shè)計(jì)的。當(dāng)時(shí)，91歲的貝聿銘為了收集靈感在阿拉伯周游了六個(gè)月。

The towering five-storey limestone structure perches on reclaimed land with views across the Dohawaterfront and its two wings are connected by a large central courtyard.

這座高聳的5層石灰?guī)r建筑是建在填海造出的土地上的，在這能將多哈的海景盡收眼底。博物館的兩側(cè)翼樓由一個(gè)大型的中央庭院連接著。

It houses a collection of Islamic art from over 1,400 years.

其中的伊斯蘭藝術(shù)藏品有的可以追溯到1400多年前。

>>>哪些語言培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)提分快

10. Vatican Museums, Italy

梵蒂岡博物館，意大利

The Vatican City’s museums were opened by Pope Julius II in the 16th Century; its complex contains 52 galleries and is one of the largest museums in the world.

梵蒂岡博物館由教皇儒略二世在16世紀(jì)創(chuàng)立的。整個(gè)建筑群包含52個(gè)展廳，是世界上最大的博物館之一。

The museum’s collection of religious sculpture and painting includes works by Raphael, Titian and Caravaggio.

該館收藏的宗教雕塑和繪畫包括拉斐爾、提香和卡拉瓦喬的作品。

Its rooms include the Gallery of Maps and the Gallery of Tapestries and its very last sala is themagnificent Sistine Chapel, its walls decorated with works by artists including Perugino and Botticelli and the vaulted ceiling painted by Michelangelo.

它的眾多展廳中包含地圖廳和掛毯廳；而它最負(fù)盛名的大廳就是宏偉的西斯廷禮拜堂，禮拜堂的墻上裝飾著藝術(shù)家佩魯基諾和波提切利的作品，而拱頂則由米開朗基羅繪制。

(注：本文內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)載自網(wǎng)絡(luò)，若有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系刪除，留學(xué)監(jiān)理網(wǎng)誠(chéng)意推薦)

• 上一篇：雙語閱讀|書單推薦|女性必讀的7本好書
• 下一篇：雙語閱讀|手機(jī)成癮怎么破?看BBC怎么說

• 相關(guān)文章

  • 留學(xué)申請(qǐng) 要不要找留學(xué)中介
  • 出國(guó)留學(xué)費(fèi)用一般要多少
  • 選擇留學(xué)中介的十大誤區(qū)
  • 如何選擇英國(guó)留學(xué)中介
  • 最新！2020中國(guó)教育部承認(rèn)的英國(guó)大學(xué)名單完整版！
  • 2021年英國(guó)TOP10大學(xué)碩士留學(xué)申請(qǐng)條件匯總！

• 最新問答

  查看更多>>
  • 香港留學(xué)一年的費(fèi)用需要多少錢
  • 應(yīng)屆高三學(xué)生申請(qǐng)出國(guó)留學(xué)讀本科的途徑有哪些？如何選擇？
  • 今年高考的文科生，二本線，讀什么專業(yè)好？
  • 高考成績(jī)剛過一本線，高考志愿填報(bào)和出國(guó)留學(xué)如何選擇？
  • 什么是CUG完全大學(xué)指南？
  • 什么是CWUR世界大學(xué)排名？