托福綜合寫作必備三步走攻略，助力拿高分！

今年的你立下新的flag沒有？歷經(jīng)改革的托福閱讀、口語、聽力都有變動，唯有寫作不動如鐘。所以不用擔心之前的練習打折扣，那么問題來了，寫作這種題型提分難怎么辦？Don't worry，我們今天手把手教你提分！

一、寫作分類

托福寫作分兩部分——獨立寫作和綜合寫作。

獨立寫作難度較小，題型一般有三種：

二選一

這是獨立作文最常見的問題類型。一個話題的兩個方面，需要你選擇一方并給出支持它的原因和示例。

論證二者優(yōu)劣

與第一種不同的是，這一類型的題目不需要你做出選擇，只需討論二者的優(yōu)劣，提供示例做出論述。

多選

這個類別相比上面兩類較少見到。提供一個廣泛的主題，包含很多可能或意見，需要你表明立場。

綜合寫作

綜合寫作難度較大，包含閱讀、聽力和寫作的綜合考量。作文沒有固定的主題范圍，但好在寫作要求都很相似。一般會要求考生總結(jié)講座中的要點，并與閱讀部分進行對比。在這一環(huán)節(jié)，一定要注意不要討論自己的觀點，而是要從講座和閱讀中獲取和轉(zhuǎn)述信息。

綜合寫作需要對閱讀要點和聽力材料做好筆記。針對記錄的要點，對比閱讀和聽力的關系，組織文章的思路。

使用特定的表述。在綜合部分一定注意不要將聽力材料或閱讀原文復制到你的文章中，而是要重新組織語言，用自己的話表達材料的主要觀點（不要強行畫蛇添足）。

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二、寫作技巧

綜合寫作的技巧如下

邊看邊記

托福在這一部分，閱讀一篇250到300個單詞的學術文章，并在短時間內(nèi)對閱讀段落的要點做筆記。下面是閱讀段落時應該記住的關鍵信息。

例：

It is common knowledge that forecasting is an attempt by meteorologists to determine what weather will be like in the future. Hindcasting is the opposite of forecasting, an attempt to determine what weather was like in the past. Meteorologists wish that records of weather had been kept in full for at least a few millennia, but it has been only in the last century that detailed records of the weather have been kept. Thus, meteorologists need to hindcast the weather, and they do so by using all sorts of information from other fields as diverse as archeology, botany, geology, literature, and art. These pieces of information from other fields that are used as a basis for drawing conclusions about what the weather must have been like at some point in the past are called proxies.

閱讀時對主題和要點做筆記：

Topic of Listening Passage: hindcasting (trying to determine what weather was like in the past)

Main points about hindcasting:detailed weather records kept for less than a century

proxies (information from various other fields) used to hindcast   weather

邊聽邊記

這一部分會聽一篇1到2分鐘學術文章，在聽的過程中對要點進行記錄。

例：

(professor): Now let me talk about how hindcasting was used in one particular situation. This situation has to do with the weather in seventeenth-century Holland. It appears, from proxies in paintings from the time by numerous artists, that the weather in Holland in the seventeenth century was much colder than it is today. Seventeenth-century paintings show really cold winter landscapes with huge snow drifts and ice skaters skating on frozen canals. Since it's unusual today for snow to drift as high as it is in the paintings and for the canals to freeze over so that skaters can skate across them as they are in the paintings, these paintings appear to serve as proxies that demonstrate that the weather when the paintings were created in the seventeenth century was much colder than it is today.    

筆記：
Topic of Listening Passage: paintings that are proxies showing weather in 17th-century Holland colder than today

Details: in 17th-century paintings showing colder weather :

- huge snow drifts higher than today's drifts
- on canals that are not frozen today

寫作前規(guī)劃

拿到一個作文題目記得進行頭腦風暴：能寫些什么？對這個話題有什么看法？有哪些個人經(jīng)驗？有沒有了解的專業(yè)知識或者新聞？

例：

Question：

How does the information in the listening passage about the weather in seventeenth-century Holland shed light on the information on hindcasting in the reading passage?

Reading Passage = A technique used by meteorologists

 Topic Of Reading Passage: hindcasting (trying to determine what weather wae like in the past)

  Main points about hindcasting:

- detailed weather records kept for less than a century
- proxies (information from various other fields) used to hindcast weather Listening Passage = An example of the technique 

 Topic of Listening Passage: paintings that are proxies showing weather in 17th-century Holland colder than today

Details in 17th-century paintings showing colder weather:

- huge snow drifts higher than today's drifts

- skaters on canals that are not frozen today

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主題陳述

Look at this information from the integrated writing task on hindcasting and the weather in seventeenth-century Holland.

Reading Passage = a technique used by meteorologists

Topic of listening passage:hindcasting (trying to determine what weather was like in the past)

Listening Passage = an example of the technique

Topic of listening passage: paintings that are proxies showing weather in 17th-century Holland colder than today

段落輔助

在開始寫作之前先研究筆記，在寫的時候要考慮段落輔助，去介紹每一段的中心思想，并且有足夠的細節(jié)去支撐中心的成立。

Topic of listening passage: hindcasting (trying to determine what weather was like in the past) 

main points about hindcasting:

detailed weather records kept for less than a century

proxies (information from various other fields) used to hindcast weather

The reading passage discusses the technique of hindcasting, which is a method used by meteorologists to try to determine what the weather matchwas like in the past. One point that is made about this meteorological metho is that detailedmatch weather records have not been kept for long. As a result, meteorologists have had to find another way to determine what the weather was like in the past. They developed a method of hindcasting using proxies, which are pieces of information from other fields.

分類練習

ETS發(fā)布的作文主題就足夠練習，不需額外找題目做。對于官方給出的作文題目合集，小伙伴們可以按照文章類別、題目類型等方式分類練習。

寫作時最怕跑題，如果材料中有不熟悉的單詞，盡量通過上下文猜測含義，而不是寫一些與主題無關的句子，擦邊球會降低你的分數(shù)。隔一段時間重寫某一主題，能夠更好的分析出進步和不足，強化練習。

檢查細節(jié)

最最后，我們想說的是，即使是母語為英語的人，寫一篇文章也會無可避免的出現(xiàn)錯誤，更何況是用電腦輸入的我們。所以在保存之前檢查語法和單詞是對高分最后的掙扎，細節(jié)就是分數(shù)！如果能給其他人——尤其是母語是英語的朋友來看你的文章，除了修正你忽視的錯誤，能夠?qū)W到更高級和地道的表達也是很賺了。

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>>想試試以自己的水平能申請到什么層次的大學？可以使用下面的留學志愿參考系統(tǒng)一鍵定位。

使用方法：把你的GPA、雅思成績、專業(yè)名稱、院校背景（211/985/雙非）等信息輸入到留學志愿參考系統(tǒng)中，系統(tǒng)會自動從數(shù)據(jù)庫中匹配出與你情況相似的同學案例，看看他們成功申請到了哪些名校，這樣子就可以對自己進行精準的定位了。

留學規(guī)劃和留學申請是一項復雜的長期工程，不能片面聽取網(wǎng)友的交流，更不能輕信留學中介的說辭（快速查詢留學中介口碑）。留學監(jiān)理網(wǎng)由有20多年國際教育行業(yè)管理和服務經(jīng)驗的前教育部官員胡本未老師創(chuàng)立，得到新華社和央視網(wǎng)的高度評價。留學監(jiān)理網(wǎng)免費為學生提供留學咨詢規(guī)劃建議、推薦靠譜的留學機構(gòu)、審核留學方案和中介服務協(xié)議，受學生委托提供監(jiān)理服務、督辦留學中介的服務過程并“先行賠付”。

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